Evaluation of bioactive properties and phenolic compounds in different extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L.

Abstract

The therapeutic benefits of medicinal plants are well known. Nevertheless, essential oils have been the main focus of antioxidant and antimicrobial studies, remaining scarce the reports with hydrophilic extracts. Thus, the antioxidant and antifungal activities of aqueous (prepared by infusion and decoction) and methanol/water (80:20, v/v) extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) were evaluated and characterized in terms of phenolic compounds. Decoction and methanol/water extract gave the most pronounced antioxidant and antifungal properties, being positively related with their phenolic composition. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds was observed in the decoction, followed by methanol/water extract and infusion. Fungicidal and/or fungi static effects proved to be dependent on the extracts concentration. Overall, the incorporation of sage decoction in the daily diet or its use as a complement for antifungal therapies, could provide considerable benefits, also being an alternative to sage essential oils that can display some toxic effects.

Activity of phenolic compounds from plant origin against Candida species

“…This higher antifungal activity might be related with the solubility of the active principles in the solvents used; phenolic compounds are one of the most abundant bioactive molecules present in those polar extracts. (Webster et al, 2008) C. krusei 12.5 mg/mL C. lusitaniae 12.5 mg/mL C. parapsilosis 12.5 mg/mL Adiantum capillus veneris C. albicans 1 mg/mL * (Ishaq et al, 2014) Allium sativum C. albicans 0.2 mg/mL (Shamim et al, 2004) 100 mg/mL * (Fei et al, 2008) 1 mg/mL * (Pathak, 2012) C. dublinensis 1 mg/mL * (Pathak, 2012) C. grabrata 0.2 mg/mL (Shamim et al, 2004) 1 mg/mL * (Pathak, 2012) C. krusei 100 mg/mL * (Fei et al, 2008) 1 mg/mL * (Pathak, 2012) C. tropicalis 0.2 mg/mL (Shamim et al, 2004) 100 mg/mL * (Fei et al, 2008) 1 mg/mL * (Pathak, 2012) Alnus viridis C. albicans 12.5 mg/mL (Webster et al, 2008) C. glabrata 25 mg/mL C. krusei 0.2 mg/mL C. lusitaniae 6 mg/mL C. parapsilosis 25 mg/mL C. tropicalis 3 mg/mL (Jasim and Al-khaliq, 2011) C. parapsilosis 2.5 mg/mL (Martins et al, 2015) C. tropicalis 1.25 mg/mL (Martins et al, 2015) Sapindus saponaria C. parapsilosis 0.16 mg/mL (Tsuzuki et al, 2007) Scutellaria baicalensis C. albicans 2.5 mg/mL (Wong and Tsang, 2009) C. glabrata 6.25 mg/mL C. guilliermondii 3.12 mg/mL C. krusei 3.12 mg/mL C. lusitaniae 1.56 mg/mL C. parapsilosis 3.12 mg/mL C. tropicalis 3.12 mg/mL * Dichloromethane extracts. MIC -Minimum inhibitory concentration.…”

Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of two aromatic plants: Calendula officinalis L. (flowers) and Mentha cervina L. (leaves)

“…However, peak 3′ showed a different retention time compared to lithospermic acid A, which is expected to elute later than trans-rosmarinic acid, as previously observed in other Lamiaceae analyzed in our laboratory. 29,38 Other compounds with the same molecular weight are salvianolic acids H or I, although they showed different fragmentation patterns. 39,40 A compound with similar characteristics was found in a sample of Melissa officinalis and identified as a lithospermic acid A isomer, 29 an identity that has been tentatively assumed for peak 3′ detected herein.…”

Biological activity of selected Greek medicinal and aromatic plants extracts on Alternaria alternata

“…Rosmarinic acid has already been reported to be present in hyssop (Dzamic et al, 2013), lemon balm (Arceusz and Wesolowski, 2013;Barros et al, 2013;Carnat et al, 1998;Dastmalchi et al, 2008), dittany (Liolios et al, 2010;Kaliora et al, 2014;Kouri et al, 2007), oregano (Agiomyrgianaki & Dais 2012;Martins et al 2014;Shen et al, 2010) and salvia (Cvetkovikj et al, 2013;Kaliora et al, 2014;Martins et al, 2015;Roby et al, 2013;Zimmermann et al, 2011). All plant extracts were analyzed at the same concentration of dry plant mass, so their relevant concentration of rosmarinic acid is presented in Table 2 as the area of corresponding peaks in chromatograms.…”

“…The chemical composition of the essential oils, phenolic compounds and flavonoids has been previously studied either for evaluation of aromatic properties or the antioxidant and biological activity (Castilho et al, 2012;Dzamic et al, 2013;Kaliora et al, 2014;Licina et al, 2013;Martins et al, 2014Martins et al, , 2015. Skotti, et al: Bioactivity of Greek MAP extracts on Alternaria…”