Evaluation of Biofilm Forming Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Isolated from Peripheral Venous Catheters and Urinary Catheters In Algeria, in vitro Study

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are prominent pathogens responsible for device-associated infections that pose a significant challenge in clinical management. The biofilm-forming ability of these bacteria is a major factor contributing to treatment failures and the recurrence of infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the biofilm production potential of these bacteria isolated from urinary and peripheral venous catheters. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producers and non-biofilm producers strains. The identification of bacteria followed conventional microbiological procedures, while the detection of biofilm production involved both qualitative and quantitative methods using Congo red agar (CRA) and Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) techniques, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Of the 22 strains of P. aeruginosa and 29 strains of S. aureus isolated from 116 Peripheral venous catheters and 20 urinary catheters, the CRA method identified 27.27% of P. aeruginosa and 24.14% of S. aureus strains as strong biofilm producers. Meanwhile, 9.09% of P. aeruginosa and 51.72% of S. aureus strains were moderate biofilm producers. The TCP method detected 9.09% of P. aeruginosa and 37.93% of S.aureus strains as strong biofilm producers, while 54.55% of P. aeruginosa and 48.28% of S. aureus strains were moderate biofilm producers. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that biofilm-producing bacteria were mostly more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm producers. All S. aureus strains, were resistant to Penicillin (100%), but susceptible to Vancomycin (100%) and Teicoplanin (100%). All P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to almost all groups of antibiotics, except for Ticarcillin (18.18%), Piperacillin (27.27%), Imipenem (100%), and Rifampicin (100%). Our findings showed that biofilm-producer strains exhibited high resistance rates to only some antibiotics, and emphasized the importance of seeking new strategies to prevent biofim formation and combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.