Evaluation of Biological Activities of Fermented Rice Bran from Novel Black Colored Rice Cultivar SuperC3GHi

Abstract

Rice bran is by-product from the dehulling process of rice, an important staple food in Korea. Various studies have been reported immune-enhancing effects of rice bran cultured with Lentinus edodes. In particular black rice bran that contains anthocyanin has the beneficial effects on immune system. SuperC3GHi, a recently released black colored rice cultivar, has higher contents of cyanidine-3-glucoside (C3G), a strong antioxidant than those of currently cultivated black rice cultivars. In this study, we investigate the beneficial effects of fermented SuperC3GHi rice bran (C3G-F) with Lentinus edodes. Using in vivo and in vitro model for inflammation and allgergy, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of C3G-F were determined. C3G-F induced tumor suppressive effect on Sarcoma-180 cell and B16 melanoma cell injected to mice. These results suggest that the capacity of C3G-F seems to act as a potent immunomodulator and with the absence of notable sideeffects, C3G-F could be used as a novel functional food ingredient having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders.

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“…Analysis of histamine secretion also showed a similar trend, with a statistically significant 18% reduction (p < 0.05) recorded in mast cells treated with 100 µg/mL fermented SuperC3GHi bran and 43% with 250 µg/mL. Further experiments were carried out by Kim et al [85] to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of fermented SuperC3GHi bran in an ear-oedema mice mode. Arachidonic acid (3%) was applied to the ears of ICR mice to induce inflammation via increased production of prostaglandins.…”

“…Similarly, Kim et al [85] confirmed that treatment with fermented SuperC3GHi bran (100 and 250 µg/mL) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 mast cell line stimulated with the allergen sensitiser Compound 48/80. The β-hexosaminidase activity of mast cells was decreased by 25% (100 µg/mL) and 40% (250 µg/mL) compared to the control with no treatment.…”

“…Topical applications of the fermented SuperC3GHi bran were shown to reduce the inflammatory response by 35.6% compared to the controls. Such inhibition rate was less effective than indomethacin (68.5% reduction), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used as a positive control [85].…”

“…Another indicator of RBAC being an immunomodulator instead of purely a stimulator is the ability to downregulate the inflammatory response during allergic hypersensitivity reactions [40,[83][84][85][86]. Current research has recognised mast cells as the common effectors of allergic reactions and autoimmune pathways [135,136].…”

“…Current research has recognised mast cells as the common effectors of allergic reactions and autoimmune pathways [135,136]. By acting on mast cells, RBAC inhibits degranulation mediated by SNARE proteins [86], which lower histamine secretion after antigen stimulation [83][84][85]. RBAC also reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-4) synthesised by mast cells through the NF-κB and MAP kinase (ERK & JNK) activation pathways [40,86].…”