Evaluation of Biosafety, Antiobesity, and Endothelial Cells Proliferation Potential of Basil Seed Extract Loaded Organic Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

Abstract

The present study aimed to synthesize solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance liposome-assisted intracellular uptake of basil seed active components in adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells to attain increased bioavailability. To obtain solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNp), the water phase containing basil seed extract (BSE) was encapsulated with lipid matrix containing chia seed phospholipids using homogenization and cold ultra-sonication method. The physicochemical characterization of BSE loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BSE-SLNp) has been analyzed using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM. The BSE-SLNp showed an average diameter of 20–110 nm on the day of preparation and it remains the same after 60 days of storage. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the BSE-SLNp did not produce toxicity in hMSCs, preadipocytes, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) until the tested higher dose up to 64 μg/ml. During effective dose determination, 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp confirmed non-toxic and enhanced metabolic function in hMSCs, preadipocytes, and HUVECs. Biosafety assay confirmed normal nuclear morphology in PI staining and high mitochondrial membrane potential in JC-1 assay within 48 h in hMSCs. The maturing adipocyte treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp significantly increased the mitochondrial efficiency and fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM-16) related gene expression levels. Oxidative stress induced HUVECs treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp potentially enhanced antioxidant capacity, cell growth, and microtubule development within 48 h H2O2 induced oxidative stressed HUVECs have shown 39.8% viable cells, but treatment with BSE-SLNp has shown 99% of viable cells within 48 h confirmed by Annexin-V assay. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) increased to 89.4% confirmed by JC-1 assay. The observed DNA integrity, cell viability was confirmed by increased antioxidant and tumor suppressor-related gene expression levels. VEGF expression has been significantly increased and pro-inflammation-related mRNA levels were decreased in BSE-SLNp treated cells. In conclusion, enhanced adipocyte fatty acid oxidation is directly associated with decreased adipocytokine secretion which arrests obesity-associated comorbidities. In addition, suppressing vascular cell oxidative stress and metabolic inflammation supports vascular cell proliferation and arrests ageing-related vascular diseases.

Silver nanoparticles loaded with Origanum majorana leaves extracts attenuates the vascular endothelial cell senescence by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress

“…In turn, the role of plant polyphenols has potential value as nutrients in preventing oxidative stress and stimulating cell growth [46]. Our results are in consistent with Subash-Babu et al [47], they found that microscopy and uorescent PI staining of HUVECs exhibited normal morphology without any irregular shape or intense nuclear material after treatment with nanoparticle-synthesized basil seeds compared to the original extract. The effect of nanoparticle synthesis was remarkable in the proliferation ability of HUVECs and nuclear integration.…”

Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation and Adipokine Levels in Maturing Adipocytes by Bauhinia rufescens (Lam.) Stem Bark Extract Loaded Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Nrf-2 activation decreases oxidative stress and helps manage neurodegenerative diseases through the upregulation of antioxidants, inhibition of inflammation, augmenting mitochondrial function, and protein homeostasis [ 58 ]. In this context, the green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Psidium guajava extract was found to possess antibacterial and antioxidant properties [ 59 ]. Previously, we have reported that the synthesis of basil seed-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles enhanced the bioavailability and lipolytic potential and decreased the adipocytokine potential in maturing adipocytes [ 32 ].…”

Essential Components from Plant Source Oils: A Review on Extraction, Detection, Identification, and Quantification

“…Chia seed has many nutraceutical advantages and is among the functional foods. According to different studies, chia seeds are found to be very effective in the fight against many diseases [56]. The word chia is derived from the Spanish word "Chien" or "Chian" meaning "oily" [57].…”