Evaluation of blade-strike models for estimating the biological performance of Kaplan turbines

Deng, Zhiqun; Carlson, Thomas J.; Ploskey, Gene R.; Richmond, Marshall C.; Dauble, Dennis D.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.019

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fish entrained into turbines may experience blade strike injuries, 34 which can often be fatal. 35 Similarly, a fish moving downstream through an irrigation regulator could strike the downstream apron, gate or dissipation sills when travelling at a high velocity. The likelihood for fish to experience strike is dependent on several factors, including water velocity, gate design, blade rotation speed, blade spacing, and fish length.…”

Section: A Strike Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 By considering these variables, mathematical modelling can be used to predict the probability of strike. 35 A technique known as bio-indexing has proven successful in identifying operational ranges that can minimize blade strikes and maximize fish survival. 35 The application of sensorfish, with an inbuilt gyroscope and pressure sensor can also help to understand at what stage of passage a fish is likely to experience strike and if it is likely to be fatal.…”

Section: A Strike Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizations of photovoltaic cells including the minimization of internal heat sources

Dupré

Vaillon

2013

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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International audienceA new approach is introduced and illustrated for optimizing the performances of photovoltaic cells. A thermal criterion, the minimization of the internal heat sources, is added to the usual criteria that consist of minimizing the optical and electrical losses. A proof of concept is delivered by means of modeling in the case of a standard crystalline silicon (cSi) cell for which the dependence on temperature of optical, electrical, and thermal properties is well known. A numerical code named TASC-1D-cSi simulating the optical-radiative, electrical, and thermal behaviors of cSi solar cells is used. Besides the current-voltage characteristics, this simulation tool provides the spectral variations of the thermalization, recombination, and radiative internal heat sources as well as the equilibrium temperature of the cell which depends on the outdoor conditions. The cell or the anti-reflection coating thickness is varied while the other parameters are prescribed. It is demonstrated in given outdoor conditions that considering the minimization of the internal total heat source in addition to the minimization of the optical and electrical losses modifies significantly the value of each of these parameters that maximizes the output power of the cell. For example, in a thermal condition with natural convection at the front and insulation at the back of the cell, the optimum cell thickness is found to be 55 μm and the optimum antireflection coating thickness 87 nm, instead of, respectively, 75 μm and 80 nm when the cell is maintained at 25 °C. These results suggest that a thermal design rule involving the internal heat source might be included in the improvement of solar cells at use and in the development of the next generation photovoltaics

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Section: A Strike Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Strike Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizations of photovoltaic cells including the minimization of internal heat sources

Dupré

Vaillon

2013

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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“…Other researchers expanded the model and investigated fish passage through turbine runners and associated injuries [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Deng et al [17] introduced a stochastic blade-strike model and evaluated the validity of using blade-strike modeling as an estimate of the biological performance of large Kaplan turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Passage Assessment of an Advanced Hydropower Turbine and Conventional Turbine Using Blade-Strike Modeling

et al. 2011

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Abstract:Hydropower is the largest renewable energy source in the world. However, in the Columbia and Snake River basins, several species of Pacific salmon and steelhead have been listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act due to significant declines of fish population. Dam operators and design engineers are thus faced with the task of making hydroelectric facilities more fish friendly through changes in hydro-turbine design and operation. Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington, applied for relicensing from the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to replace the 10 turbines at Wanapum Dam with advanced hydropower turbines that were designed to increase power generation and improve fish passage conditions. We applied both deterministic and stochastic blade-strike models to compare fish passage performance of the newly installed advanced turbine to an existing turbine. Modeled probabilities were compared to the results of a large-scale live-fish survival study and a Sensor Fish study under the same operational parameters. Overall, injury rates predicted by the deterministic model were higher than experimental rates of injury, while those predicted by the stochastic model were in close agreement with experimental results. Fish orientation at the time of entry into the plane of the leading edges of the turbine runner blades was an important factor contributing to uncertainty in modeled results. The advanced design turbine had slightly higher modeled injury rates than the existing turbine design; however, no statistical evidence suggested significant differences in blade-strike injuries between the two turbines, thus the hypothesis that direct fish survival rate through the advanced OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2011, 4 58 hydropower turbine is equal to or higher than that for fish passing through the conventional turbine could not be rejected.

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“…In previous studies (Ploskey and Carlson 2004;Deng et al 2005aDeng et al , 2007), deterministic and stochastic blade-strike models were developed for 1) the new minimum gap and original Kaplan runner turbines at the Bonneville Dam and 2) the 1:25-scale physical model of a McNary Dam turbine. The performance of the numerical blade-strike models was then evaluated by comparing predictions of fish mortality resulting from strike by turbine runner blades with 1) observations of fish injury made using live fish at Bonneville Dam by Normandeau Associates et al (2000) and 2) predictions of blade strike made observing neutrally buoyant beads passing through a 1:25-scale physical turbine model by USACE (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological assessment of the advanced turbine design at Wanapum Dam, 2005

Dauble

Richmond

et al. 2007

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Executive SummaryThis report summarizes the results of studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to evaluate the biological performance of an advanced design turbine installed at Unit 8 of Wanapum Dam on the Columbia River in 2005. In all studies, paired comparisons were made between Unit 8 and a conventional Kaplan turbine, Unit 9. PNNL studies included an evaluation of blade-strike using deterministic and probabilistic models, integrated analysis of the response of the Sensor Fish to severe hydraulic events within the turbine system, and a novel dye technique to measure injury to juvenile salmonids in the field.The first study involved applying deterministic and stochastic blade-strike models to the advanced and existing turbine designs. Modeled probabilities were compared to results of Sensor Fish releases and injury/mortality of balloon-tagged fish under the same operational parameters. The new advanced design turbine had slightly higher modeled injury rates than the existing turbine design; however, there was no statistical evidence that suggested significant differences in blade-strike probabilities. Overall, injury rates predicted by the deterministic model were higher than experimental rates of injury while those predicted by the stochastic model were in close agreement. Fish orientation at the time of entry into the plane of the leading edges of the turbine runner blades is an important factor contributing to uncertainty in modeled results.A second study focused on expanded analysis of Sensor Fish data through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and other analytical techniques. The Sensor Fish data was collected in conjunction with balloon tag tests involving juvenile Chinook salmon. Sensor Fish pressure and acceleration measurements were analyzed to identify characteristic signatures in each passage time history. These signatures were used, together with CFD and streamline plots, to identify the frequency and location of significant acceleration events such as collisions and shear. The Sensor Fish data were divided into four regions for each release condition (i.e., turbine, discharge, release pipe depth, and intake bay). Events were classified as either collision or shear and by severity level. The majority (80%) of severe acceleration events were due to collision. When all four regions were pooled, the two turbine units had similar probability of severe collisions (i.e., 20%). Unit 8 (advanced turbine) had fewer severe shear events (1.1%) than unit 9 (3.4%), but Unit 8 had more slight shear events (29.3%) than Unit 9 (19.7%). Although mean pressure nadirs recorded by Sensor Fish were consistently higher for Unit 8, values were highly variable. Thus, there was no overall evidence of correlation with Sensor Fish collision events and measured pressure nadir. The overall predicted shear injury rates were 3.1% for Unit 8 and 4.4% for Unit 9. This compared to observed injury rates of 1.1% and 0.9% for Units 8 and 9...

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Evaluation of blade-strike models for estimating the biological performance of Kaplan turbines

Cited by 72 publications

References 13 publications

Optimizations of photovoltaic cells including the minimization of internal heat sources

Optimizations of photovoltaic cells including the minimization of internal heat sources

Fish Passage Assessment of an Advanced Hydropower Turbine and Conventional Turbine Using Blade-Strike Modeling

Biological assessment of the advanced turbine design at Wanapum Dam, 2005

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