Evaluation of blood components exposed to coated arterial filters in extracorporeal circuits

Abstract

All eight filter coatings altered the blood components to varying degrees. Selection of the most effective filter, in conjunction with a heparin-bonded circuit for CPB, may decrease the intraoperative foreign-surface activation of blood cells.

Bio-responsive polymer hydrogels homeostatically regulate blood coagulation

“…Blood coagulation is a cascade process resulting in clot formation preventing blood loss and enabling the repair of damaged blood vessels. This protective mechanism can, however, backfire with potentially fatal consequences when triggered inopportunely such as the formation of thromboses or emboli in response to applying medical devices like the cardiopulmonary bypass1516171819. The mucopolysaccharide heparin is routinely administered clinically to counteract coagulation activation2021.…”

“…Thrombin has no such sequence specificity and can slide along the heparin chain where it associates with antithrombin to form a covalent enzyme inhibitor complex that subsequently dissociates from heparin22. As systemic use of heparin remains difficult to regulate, causing a significant risk of under- or overdosage, both associated with dangerous consequences, the immobilization of heparin to surfaces has been explored for blood contacting materials used in medical devices182324 with end-grafted heparin layers currently being clinically favored and routinely applied1819. Despite the resulting benefits, the protective effect of heparin-containing coatings is obviously limited due to the invariant, rather low amounts of anticoagulant and restrictions of its accessibility.…”

Evaluation of the Blood Compatibility of Materials, Cells, and Tissues: Basic Concepts, Test Models, and Practical Guidelines

“…18.1d ), e.g. Andersson et al ( 2003 ) , Johnell et al ( 2005 ) , Mollnes et al ( 1995 ) , Gong et al ( 1996 ) , Nilsson et al ( 1998 ) , Lappegård et al ( 2004Lappegård et al ( , 2005Lappegård et al ( , 2008 , Hussaini et al ( 2009 ) . The role of the air bubble is to ensure that the whole volume of blood is rotated in order to avoid clotting due to inadequate fl ow.…”

Multifactorial Comparison of Modified and Conventional Perfusion Strategies in A Porcine Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass

“…The arterial filters in both the HBC and NHB circuits were imaged using multiphoton microscopy as previously described [10]. Briefly, filters were imaged and assessed for trapped blood components using a BioRad MRC 1024ES multi-photon imaging system (BioRad, Hercules, CA) coupled with a mode-locked titanium-sapphire laser (SpectraPhysics, Mountain View, CA) tuned to 810 nm, in transmission mode, using a Zeiss Axiovert S100 microscope (Carl Zeiss Microimaging, Inc., Thornwood, NY).…”

“…Briefly, filters were imaged and assessed for trapped blood components using a BioRad MRC 1024ES multi-photon imaging system (BioRad, Hercules, CA) coupled with a mode-locked titanium-sapphire laser (SpectraPhysics, Mountain View, CA) tuned to 810 nm, in transmission mode, using a Zeiss Axiovert S100 microscope (Carl Zeiss Microimaging, Inc., Thornwood, NY). The 512 3 512 pixel images were collected in direct detection configuration at a pixel resolution of 0.484 mm with a Kalman 5 collection filter [10]. Once CPB was terminated, the tubing circuit was clamped proximal and distal to the filter and the filter was removed.…”