Evaluation of brain and spinal cord lesion distribution criteria at disease onset in distinguishing NMOSD from MS and MOG antibody-associated disorder

Cai, Meng‐Ting; Zheng, Yang; Shen, Chun‐Hong; Yang, Fan; Fang, Wei; Zhang, Yinxi; Ding, Meiping

doi:10.1177/1352458520939008

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This remains a significant dilemma in East Asian populations, where the prevalence of MS is lower and atypical forms of inflammatory CNS disease are the norm. In these cases MR imaging is of considerable potential value in determining the underlying cause [165]. However, continued work to find more precise diagnostic features on MRI is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Clarke

Arnett

Lilley

et al. 2021

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which has distinct clinical, radiological and pathological features, but also has some overlap with multiple sclerosis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease. Early recognition of NMOSD is important because of differing responses to both acute and preventive therapy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has proved essential in this process. Key MR imaging clues to the diagnosis of NMOSD are longitudinally extensive lesions of the optic nerve (more than half the length) and spinal cord (three or more vertebral segments), bilateral optic nerve lesions and lesions of the optic chiasm, area postrema, floor of the IV ventricle, periaqueductal grey matter, hypothalamus and walls of the III ventricle. Other NMOSD-specific lesions are denoted by their unique morphology: heterogeneous lesions of the corpus callosum, 'cloud-like' gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing white matter lesions and 'bright spotty' lesions of the spinal cord. Other lesions described in NMOSD, including linear periventricular peri-ependymal lesions and patch subcortical white matter lesions, may be less specific.The use of advanced MR imaging techniques is yielding further useful information regarding focal degeneration of the thalamus and optic radiation in NMOSD and suggests that paramagnetic rim patterns and changes in normal appearing white matter are specific to MS. MR imaging is crucial in the early recognition of NMOSD and in directing testing for AQP4 antibodies and guiding immediate acute treatment decisions.Increasingly, MR imaging is playing a role in diagnosing seronegative cases of NMOSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Clarke

Arnett

Lilley

et al. 2021

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“… 90 Cacciaguerra’s criteria, originally validated in a European cohort, have since been applied in a Chinese population to study their utility in a non-white population. 91 Using a threshold of at least 3/5 criteria to distinguish NMOSD from MS, accuracy was 92%, sensitivity 91%, and specificity 93%. The criteria, however, failed to differentiate NMOSD from MOGAD.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 94%

A window into the future? MRI for evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder throughout the disease course

Solomon

Paul

Chien

et al. 2021

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system marked by relapses often associated with poor recovery and long-term disability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recognized as an important tool for timely diagnosis of NMOSD as, in combination with serologic testing, it aids in distinguishing NMOSD from possible mimics. Although the role of MRI for disease monitoring after diagnosis is not as well established, MRI may provide important prognostic information and help differentiate between relapses and pseudorelapses. Increasing evidence of subclinical disease activity and the emergence of newly approved, highly effective immunotherapies for NMOSD adjure us to re-evaluate MRI as a tool to guide optimal treatment selection and escalation throughout the disease course. In this article we review the role of MRI in NMOSD diagnosis, prognostication, disease monitoring, and treatment selection.

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“…However, there has yet to be a clear distinction found. 35,81 Evaluation of advanced MRI metrics in NMOSD and MOGAD could offer more discriminatory power, and elucidate microstructural differences in the CNS between patients with NMOSD and MOGAD. 85 whereas other studies have found some decreases in volumes.…”

Section: Advan Ced Mag Ne Ti C Re Sonan Ce Imag Ing Char Ac Teris Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the difference in cellular targets between AQP4‐IgG and MOG‐IgG, it would be expected that conventional MRI characteristics would differ between the two disease entities. However, there has yet to be a clear distinction found 35,81 …”

Section: Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical recognition tools of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐positive optic neuritis and its clinical implications

Lotan

Oertel

Chien

et al. 2021

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐associated disease is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, associated with the presence of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG. Recent data have allowed characterization of the clinical spectrum of MOG‐associated disease, which is now considered a new disease entity, distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Optic neuritis is the most common clinical presentation of MOG‐associated disease in adults, both at disease onset and during the disease course, and has several distinct clinical and paraclinical features. Immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG‐positive optic neuritis is often bilateral and associated with optic disc swelling and a longitudinally extensive abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal involving the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve. The visual acuity during the acute attack is severely decreased, and the response to corticosteroids is often rapid and prominent. However, early relapses after steroid cessation are common, and a subset of patients is left with a permanent visual disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical and paraclinical features of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against MOG‐positive optic neuritis in adults, and focus on the distinctive features that can enable its early diagnosis. Therapeutical considerations at the acute stage and for relapse prevention are further deliberated.

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Evaluation of brain and spinal cord lesion distribution criteria at disease onset in distinguishing NMOSD from MS and MOG antibody-associated disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

A window into the future? MRI for evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder throughout the disease course

Practical recognition tools of immunoglobulin G serum antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐positive optic neuritis and its clinical implications

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