Evaluation of Bread Waste Fortified with Moringa Leaf Meal on Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Aim: This study is to evaluate the effects of using bread waste fortified with moringa leaf meal on broiler chickens.
 Methodology: Bread wastes were sun-dried and moringa leaves air-dried. The two dried products were milled separately. Thereafter, the meals were mixed in ratio 9:1 (9 kg Bread Waste + 1 kg Moringa Leaf) to produced fortified bread wastes. Four broiler starter diets and four finisher diets were formulated using fortified bread waste at graded levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% and designated diets I, II, III and IV, respectively. Two hundred chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments of five replicates and ten chicks per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Diets and water were fed to the broilers ad libitum from 0 - 28 days as starter phase and 29 - 56 days as finisher phase.
 Results: Highest final weight gain and total weight gain (2.12 kg/bird and 2.07 kg/bird) and least feed conversion ratio (2.32) were observed in bird fed Diet I. The dressed weight, eviscerated weight, head, chest, drumstick, wing, thigh, back and shank were influenced significantly (P˂0.05) by the dietary treatments. Highest dressed weight (92.64%), eviscerated weight (79.52%), head (25.34 g/kg body weight), chest (206.53 g/kg body weight) and wing (83.10g/kg body weight) were recorded in bird fed Diet I. Only lymphocyte was influenced (P < .05) by the dietary treatments. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate varies: 2.33 - 3.33 mm/hour, packed cell volume: 26.67 - 28.67%, haemoglobin concentration: 9.23 - 9.88 g/100 ml and mean cell haemoglobin concentration: 34.41 - 34.61%. Cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase were influenced (P < 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The cholesterol: 22.57 - 32.78 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase: 144.17-150.98 IU/I.
 Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that increasing levels of fortified bread wastes in broiler chicken diets up till 5% inclusion level can be practiced.

Nutritional Significance of Tropical Vegetables in Poultry Feeding: A Review

“…From a study conducted by Adegbenro et al (2017), five (5) tropical vegetables were mixed in ratio 1:1:1:1:1 into a composite meal and used to replace broiler commercial premix at 0. 1.…”

“…Also, there was a trend towards a reduction in the cholesterol level as the inclusion level of composite meal in the diets was increased. Adegbenro et al (2017) also reported reduction in values for the belly fat as the level of composite leaf meal produced from the five (5) tropical vegetables inclusion increased, thus indicating the potential of the leaf meals to reduction of fat deposition in the muscle and therefore could help in the prevention and reduction of neurodegenerative diseases associated with lipid-rich diets (Upadhyay, 1990;Oforjindu, 2006).The complete replacements of commercial premix with composite leaf meal at 5% inclusion level led to ₦4.00 reduction. This translates to a colossal savings of ₦40,000 for the diet per tonne by farmers.…”

Assessment of Growth Performance and Blood Profile of Rabbit Bucks Fed Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal

“…Rabbit are generally prolific, early maturing, fast growth and have short generation interval. All these attributes make rabbit an ideal animal for meat production, especially among developing countries in the tropics such as Nigeria where shortage of animal protein intake among the populace is usually a common problem [2,3,4,5]. On the other hand, rabbit plays a vital role in the utilization of fibrous by-products which can be converted into animal protein for human consumption.…”

Biologically upgraded cocoa pod husk: Effect on growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices and antioxidant status of broiler chickens

“…(Kim et al, 2012). The advance in the poultry industry in developing countries has led to an increase in the demand for feed and feed ingredients which is the major constituent in poultry production (Adegbenro, 2016, Adegbenro et al, 2020. It has gradually been established that the supplies for conventional feed ingredients cannot be met, even according to optimistic forecasts (Yenesew et al, 2015).…”