Evaluation of breast cancer regarding molecular and immunochemical markers

Abstract

Early-stage cancer recognition could improve awareness and treatment strategies. Twenty four breast cancer affected individuals had their DNA isolated from malignant tissues and from blood. DNA was then amplifi ed by RAPD with six different ten-mer primers. RAPD-PCR yields were electrophoresed on a 1 .5% agarose gel and visualized using ethidium-bromide staining. Only two out of the selected RAPD data have exhibited distinguishable polymorphic markers between cancerous and normal tissues. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for the determination plasma immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) in patient samples preoperatively, postoperatively and after six cycles of chemotherapy treatment. Thirty age-matched normal females were examined for IgA, IgG and IgM by ELISA. Specifi cally, results showed that normal females had mean IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations of 9.80mg/ml, 2.56mg/ml, and 1.75mg/ml respectively while malignant patients preoperatively had mean concentration of 9.89mg/ml, 2.92mg/ml and 2.02mg/ml (P<0.727, P<0.001 and P<0.001) respectively. Moreover, analysis of the data revealed that patient plasma samples concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM postoperatively were 7.9mg/ml, 1.96mg/ml and 1.36mg/ml (P<0.001) respectively whereas, their concentrations improved to normal levels when chemotherapy was ceased. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was chosen as a goal to minimize cross linking and investigate differences in immunoglobulin concentrations. On the other hand, the mean levels of IgA and IgM in patient plasma samples preoperatively after refi ning from antibody binding process that interfere with BSA were measured to be 2.53mg/ml and 1.72mg/ml respectively demonstrating that there were no statistical signifi cance of the difference between IgA and IgM concentrations in malignant patients and healthy females. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of cross reactivity with BSA that might be used as a potent marker for patients with breast cancer.