Evaluation of breed effects on<i>n</i>-3 PUFA metabolism with dietary flaxseed oil supplementation in dogs

Purushothaman, D.; Brown, Wendy; Wu, Shu‐Biao; Vanselow, Barbara

doi:10.1017/s0007114511000523

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is consistent with the findings of our previous study, wherein breed differences in dogs were demonstrated for LCn-3FA metabolism when plasma n-3FA was analyzed (Purushothaman et al, 2011). However, in this study, the expression levels of the 3 genes were different in both breeds even prior to supplementation.…”

Section: Different Gene Expression Between Two Breedssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Diets were offered once daily (300 g for beagles and 600 g for greyhounds), and there were no refusals during the 3-week supplementation period. The detailed composition of the basal and supplementation diets has been described previously (Purushothaman et al, 2011).…”

Section: Animals and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to supplementation, the plasma concentrations of ALA were lower in greyhounds than in beagles. As the supplemented diet had 52 times more ALA than the basal diet had (Purushothaman et al, 2011), it is likely that the greater change of ALA in the body caused the greyhounds to respond by downregulating the HSP90 and IL1β genes.…”

Section: Different Gene Expression Between Two Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major component of fatty acids in flaxseed oil is ALA (Cunnane et al, 1993), which has been reported to exhibit an anti-inflammatory role in vitro through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (Ren and Chung, 2007). In our previous study, supplementation of flaxseed oil in the diets of dogs resulted in increased concentrations of plasma EPA, suggesting that the ALA was elongated to EPA (Purushothaman et al, 2011). In this study, the addition of flaxseed oil in the diets downregulated the HSP90 and IL1β genes, suggesting that ALA and/or EPA modulated the activities of the genes that are possibly relevant to the inflammatory responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies in humans using LCn-3FA from fish sources have demonstrated changes in the gene expression of heat shock proteins (Gorjao et al, 2006) and inflammatory cytokines (Weaver et al, 2009). Additionally, it has been shown that dogs can elongate ALA to EPA, but not to DHA, with the supplementation of dietary flaxseed (Bauer et al, 1998;Dunbar et al, 2010;Purushothaman et al, 2011). However, the impact of short chain n-3FA (SCn-3FA) on gene expression has not been investigated in dogs, nor have breed differences been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flaxseed oil supplementation alters the expression of inflammatory-related genes in dogs

Purushothaman¹,

Brown²,

Vanselow³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Long chain n-3 fatty acids are beneficial to mammals because of their anti-inflammatory role. However, whether flaxseed oil, which is rich in short chain n-3 fatty acids, has such a role, it has not been extensively examined. This study investigated the supplementation of flaxseed oil on the regulation of genes involved in inflammatory responses such as heat shock proteins (HSP90 and HSP70) and interleukin (IL1β) in the white blood cells of dogs. Five beagles and 5 greyhounds were supplemented with Melrose ® flaxseed oil at the rate of 100 mL/kg food for 21 days. The blood was collected at day 0, 15, and 22 following supplementation. The expression of 3 genes was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations of fatty acids such as alpha linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid were measured, and their correlations with changes in gene expression were determined. Flaxseed oil supplementation downregulated the Flaxseed oil alters gene expression in dogs expression of HSP90 and IL1β in greyhounds but showed no significant effect on these genes in beagles. HSP70 remained unchanged in both breeds following the supplementation. Correlations of HSP90 and IL1β expression levels with the plasma fatty acid concentrations on day 22 showed a significant negative correlation in greyhounds. Dietary flaxseed oil altered the expression of genes involved in inflammation in white blood cells. Because the expression of the genes may vary in different breeds, it will be useful to consider breed responses to dietary manipulation in canine nutrition management.

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Section: Different Gene Expression Between Two Breedssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Animals and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Gene Expression Between Two Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flaxseed oil supplementation alters the expression of inflammatory-related genes in dogs

Purushothaman¹,

Brown²,

Vanselow³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food

et al. 2023

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Intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) benefits human and animal health. Our study aimed to analyze the long-chain n-3 PUFA content of two types of food and their effect on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids of Belgian Shepherd dogs. A total of 10 dogs were fed commercial granulated food (Food 1), and another 10 were provided commercial Premium granulated food of high quality (Food 2). All the analyses were performed using gas-liquid chromatography. Our results showed that Food 1 contained more n-3 PUFA than Food 2, which was reflected in higher n-3 PUFA in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Because long-chain n-3 PUFA in phospholipids are precursors for antioxidative molecules, further studies should investigate the effects of the analyzed commercial granulated food rich in n-3 on oxidative stress parameters in dogs.

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Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

Panasevich¹,

Daristotle²,

Yamka

et al. 2022

Animals

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We evaluated effects of dietary ground flaxseed on fecal and serum alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentrations, nutrient digestibility, and stool quality in female and male adult cats (n = 20 (8 males, 12 females); 3.95 ± 1.49 years of age (mean ± SD); 3.88 ± 0.82 kg BW). We hypothesized that adding ground flaxseed would increase serum ALA compared with feeding no flax, without changing nutrient digestibility. Cats were fed as-is 2.6% added-flaxseed (flax, n = 10) or no-flax (control, n = 10) diets (2.66 vs. 0.78% ALA of total fatty acids; crude protein 35%, fat 20%, fiber 3% as-fed) twice daily to maintain body weight for 28 days. Fecal collections were conducted on days 23–27 for total-tract nutrient digestibility, stool quality (scale 1–5; 1 = watery diarrhea, 5 = hard, dry, crumbly) and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) analyses. Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 28 for serum LCFA and chemistry analysis. Digestibility and fecal data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4, Cary, NC, USA) and a repeated measures ANOVA for serum ALA. Flax-fed cats, compared with control-fed, had greater (p < 0.05) serum ALA after 14 days (4.00 vs. 0.71 µg/mL) and 28 days (7.83 and 3.67 µg/mL). No differences were observed in stool quality, and dry matter, protein, fat, and ALA digestibility. However, metabolizable energy was greater in the flax vs. control diet (4.18 vs. 3.91 kcal/g; p < 0.05). Overall, these data demonstrate that ground flaxseed added to cat diets increases serum ALA within 14 days, with no detriments to nutrient digestibility. We conclude that flaxseed can be used as a bioavailable source of ALA in cat diets.

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Evaluation of breed effects onn-3 PUFA metabolism with dietary flaxseed oil supplementation in dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Flaxseed oil supplementation alters the expression of inflammatory-related genes in dogs

Flaxseed oil supplementation alters the expression of inflammatory-related genes in dogs

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food

Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

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