Evaluation of Canisters for Measuring Emissions of Volatile Organic Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Incineration

Gholson, Alex R.; Storm, Julia F.; Jayanty, R. K. M.; Fuerst, Robert; Logan, Thomas J.; Midgett, M.R.

doi:10.1080/08940630.1989.10466614

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Case 3: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in a Pilot-Scale Thermal Incinerator Gholson et al (1989) published the only study that includes POHC and PIC emission data for the incineration of l,l,l-C2H3Cl3. The study evaluates the use of stainless steel canisters to measure emissions of volatile organic air pollutants from hazardous waste incineration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The error bounds on each value are calculated as the relative percent difference in values between duplicate analyses of the same sample. Gholson et al (1989) measured significant levels of the combustion byproduct 1,1-dichloroethylene (l,l-C2H2Cl2), despite virtually destroying all the injected 1,1,1 -C2H3CI3. They did not observe any COCI2, a byproduct of 1,1,1-02^0*3 oxidation (see Case 2); however, there is no indication that they attempted to measure it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Health-Based Decision-Making Tool for Waste Destruction

Thomson¹,

Koshland²,

Lucas³

1997

Environmental Engineering Science

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A major impediment to Design For Environment (DFE) and other more comprehensive design approaches is the lack of simple, effective evaluation tools. This article proposes a more comprehensive environmental analysis tool, the index Itox» for evaluating the effectiveness of hazardous waste destruction technologies, especially thermal-processing methods such as incineration. We evaluate the reduction of the toxicity through an incinerator by summing the concentrations of all organic emissions, each weighted by their toxicity. This methodology is applied to laboratory-scale experiment data, pilot-scale incinerator data, and full-scale incinerator data. We observed that at temperatures above the T99 for a particular POHC, a large temperature window exists in which byproducts persist even though the POHC has been destroyed. The temperature that significantly reduces Itox ¡s suggested as a preferred reference for designers. Itox is a health-based standard that measures both the health risks it is eliminating and the health risks it is creating. Using this index can provide a more accurate measure of the impact of combustion byproduct emissions on exhaust toxicity and, hence, can guide system modification or redesign to improve performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Health-Based Decision-Making Tool for Waste Destruction

Thomson¹,

Koshland²,

Lucas³

1997

Environmental Engineering Science

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“…VOCs are commonly sampled in stainless-steel canisters or Tedlar bags (Gholson et al, 1989;Koziel et al, 2005;McClenny et al, 1991) for gas chromatographic analysis in the laboratory. U.S. EPA's (2017b) Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) have acquired a large database of VOC concentrations (Watson et al, 2001) by this method, but it is switching to continuous in situ gas chromatographs (GCs).…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality measurements—From rubber bands to tapping the rainbow

Hidy¹,

Mueller²,

Altshuler

et al. 2017

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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It is axiomatic that good measurements are integral to good public policy for environmental protection. The generalized term for "measurements" includes sampling and quantitation, data integrity, documentation, network design, sponsorship, operations, archiving, and accessing for applications. Each of these components has evolved and advanced over the last 200 years as knowledge of atmospheric chemistry and physics has matured. Air quality was first detected by what people could see and smell in contaminated air. Gaseous pollutants were found to react with certain materials or chemicals, changing the color of dissolved reagents such that their light absorption at selected wavelengths could be related to both the pollutant chemistry and its concentration. Airborne particles have challenged the development of a variety of sensory devices and laboratory assays for characterization of their enormous range of physical and chemical properties. Advanced electronics made possible the sampling, concentration, and detection of gases and particles, both in situ and in laboratory analysis of collected samples. Accurate and precise measurements by these methods have made possible advanced air quality management practices that led to decreasing concentrations over time. New technologies are leading to smaller and cheaper measurement systems that can further expand and enhance current air pollution monitoring networks. Implications: Ambient air quality measurement systems have a large influence on air quality management by determining compliance, tracking trends, elucidating pollutant transport and transformation, and relating concentrations to adverse effects. These systems consist of more than just instrumentation, and involve extensive support efforts for siting, maintenance, calibration, auditing, data validation, data management and access, and data interpretation. These requirements have largely been attained for criteria pollutants regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards, but they are rarely attained for nonroutine measurements and research studies.

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“…Potential sampling errors with canisters include breakthrough of analytes from the preconcentration trap, chemical reactions between collected compounds, and sample degradation during storage. Sample integrity during storage in passivated canisters has been demonstrated in the absence of highly reactive compounds (18), but HC1, for example, was shown to cause artifact formation (19). Parallel use of a PGC method that does not store or preconcentrate samples could call attention to the occurrence of such problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%