Evaluation of carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in diets supplemented withBacillus subtilisprobiotic strain on growth performance, body composition and digestibility in juvenile white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis,Ayres 1860)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the carbohydrate to lipid ratio in diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis in white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) juveniles on digestibility, growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and tissue composition. Four experimental isoenergetic and isoproteic diets supplemented with B. subtilis were formulated with increasing starch to lipid ratios (g/g) of 10:19; 14:17; 18:15 and 22:13 (diets PD10, PD14, PD18 and PD22 respectively). A negative control diet for B. subtilis supplementation was also formulated to be similar to diet PD10 (diet CD10). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank (IBW: 9.5 g), three times a day, to apparent satiation, for 60 days. Supplementation with B. subtilis, of the low starch‐high lipid diet (10:19), significantly enhanced the overall growth performance, digestibility and feed efficiency. Moreover, the increase in starch to lipid ratio, in supplemented probiotic diets, significantly increased growth performance, feed intake, feed utilization efficiency and protein and energy digestibility, being maximum for the highest dietary starch to lipid level. Lipid content of whole body, muscle and liver and hepatosomatic index significantly increased with the increase in starch to lipid ratio. The results of this study indicate that B. subtilis supplementation significantly enhanced growth performance, digestibility and feed utilization of low starch‐high lipid diet. However, further improvement of growth performance and feed utilization efficiency may be achieved combining B. subtilis supplementation with increased dietary starch to lipid ratio to 22:13.

Effect of dietary Lacto cel-con probiotic on growth performance and hematology indices of fingerlings mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…In the current study, the dietary supply of Lacto cel-con significantly enhanced the growth and feed efficiency of tilapia in terms of (weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization) compared to those feded without Lacto cel-con diets. Similar results were detected in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus diet supplemented with Lacto cel-con by (El Zayat, 2014 andHussein et al, 2016) and other type of probiotic (Khattab et al,2004, EL-Haroun et al,2006, Eid and Mohamed, 2008, Olmos et al, 2011, Chiu and Liu, 2014, Ridha and Azad, 2016, Lopez et al, 2016, Dawood et al, 2016b, Dawood et al, 2016c, Dawood et al, 2017and Nguyen et al, 2019.…”

Effects of Carbohydrase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Flora, Glucose Metabolism Enzymes, and glut2 Gene Expression of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) Fed Different CHO/L Ratio Diets

“…Higher lipid content in the diet, which cannot be fully utilized by grouper and tended to cause lipid deposition in different tissues, whereas the amount of lipid content obtained from carbohydrate was probably quite limited. This result confirms a positive correlation between lipid deposition in fish and the lipid content of the diet [ 28 , 38 , 39 ]. As we all know, the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and total protein in blood are generally correlated with animal health and indicate the metabolic and physiological state of the organism, and too high or too low in blood will cause aberrant changes in the body [ 40 ].…”

Effects of different dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth, plasma biochemical indexes, digestive and immune enzymes activities of juvenile orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

“…In this study, the increase in the dietary dextrin level resulted in a significant increase in lipid deposition in whole‐body and muscle tissues and a concomitant increase in HSI and VSI, due to higher dietary energy utilization, both at the digestible and metabolic level. Similarly, several studies reported that dietary digestible energy content, both from lipids or carbohydrates, might modulate lipid accumulation in different tissues (López et al., 2016). There was a positive correlation between dietary lipid levels and whole‐body and liver lipid content in orange‐spotted grouper and other fish species (Li, Wang, Liu, Jiang, & Zhu, 2013; López et al., 2016; Tan, Xie, Zhu, Lei, & Yang, 2007; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2016).…”

“…Similarly, several studies reported that dietary digestible energy content, both from lipids or carbohydrates, might modulate lipid accumulation in different tissues (López et al., 2016). There was a positive correlation between dietary lipid levels and whole‐body and liver lipid content in orange‐spotted grouper and other fish species (Li, Wang, Liu, Jiang, & Zhu, 2013; López et al., 2016; Tan, Xie, Zhu, Lei, & Yang, 2007; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2016). Also, a positive correlation between dietary carbohydrate level and tissue lipid content was previously reported (Kedar Nath Mohanta, Mohanty, Jena, Sahu, & Patro, 2009).…”