Evaluation of carbon materials for use in a direct carbon fuel cell

Hackett, Gregory; Zondlo, John W.; Svensson, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.02.021

Cited by 118 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, CO, H 2 , and CH 4 produced from fuel can also improve performance because these gases were used as fuel in other fuel cell in previous research as following (2)(3)(4). [18], [19].…”

Section: Fuel Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coal Gases on Electrochemical Reactions in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell System

Eom¹,

Ahn²,

Rhie³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Abstract-Various carbonaceous fuels were evaluated in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) system as energy sources. In order to investigate the characteristics of electrochemical reaction of various fuels in DCFC, three coals, such as Shenhua coal, Adaro coal, and Openblue coal which have different content of fixed carbon and volatile matter, were selected in this research. The characteristics of electrochemical reactions of fuels were investigated at 700℃ by potentiostatic method of the fuel cell and the effect of fuels properties is also discussed. The effect of gases from coals was investigated by using raw coal state and char state in present work. The gases, such as H 2 , CH 4 , CO and CO 2 , were detected in the exhaust gas of anode side by thermal decomposition of coal. It is confirmed that these gases have an effect on the electrochemical reaction on DCFC system by comparing of current density of raw coal and char.

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Section: Fuel Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coal Gases on Electrochemical Reactions in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell System

Eom¹,

Ahn²,

Rhie³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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“…Several types of coal and graphite have been tested in molten salt by fuel cell and the same result was observed. 25 Hackett et al 26 claims that a high OCV for coal is attributed to high electrochemical activity while graphite is more stable for long-term operation. However, no further details of fuel composition and analysis of its effect were given.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Operated on Coal and Effect of Operation Mode

Chien

Arenillas

Jiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Previous experimental results have shown that a system with molten carbonate and solid oxide electrolyte is feasible for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC). A study is presented to investigate cell performance with a range of solid carbon (i.e. coals, biochars, graphite) and operation mode in this hybrid electrolyte system. The results show that less crystalline coal with high fixed carbon, low sulfur, medium volatile material and moisture is best suited to this system. Using high rank of fuel such as anthracite coal, good cell performance can be obtained only by elevating temperature and with adequate pretreatment to remove impurities. Discussion of cell operation indicates that cell degradation and operation failure were due to coal agglomeration, ash buildup, and limited fuel supply in potentiostatic mode. Instead, galvanostatic operation gave stable cell performance over 60 hours. This result allows better understanding of anode reaction mechanism on the hybrid electrolyte system. Thus, long-term operation is promised when suitable solid fuel and optimized operation parameters are applied. Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) is a promising technology to use solid carbon for energy production. This technology allows direct conversion of chemical energy to electricity, thus giving a high thermodynamic efficiency, i.e. 100%, when carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide. The concept of DCFC is simple. Solid carbon is fed to a fuel cell and electrochemically oxidized at the anode to produce electricity.1-3 Pure product, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), is obtained in complete oxidation and is easy for carbon sequestration. Furthermore, application of DCFC benefits from sufficient fuel supply with abundant coal and biomass in the world. These advantages as well as established infrastructure of transportation, storage, and processing for solid carbon make a DCFC feasible and very attractive.One of design challenges to develop a DCFC is choice of fuel. 4Despite large reserves of solid carbon available, different sources of carbon have varying activity and indeed affect DCFC performance. In the past, many attempts have been made to evaluate effect of solid carbon on DCFC for electric power generation. Cooper et al. 5 reported cell polarization on nine particulate carbon derived from fuel oil, coal, biochar, petroleum coke, etc. The highest discharge rate, 100-125 mA cm −2 at 0.8 V and 800• C, was obtained with biochar-derived carbon. They found that properties of carbon fuel which control discharging rates are (i) crystallographic disorder, (ii) electrical conductivity, (iii) active surface sites, and (iv) sulfur and ash impurities. Less graphitized and high disordered carbon such as chars is more reactive to oxidation; however, this property counterbalances electrical conductivity since chars are poor conductors. By contrast, neither particle size, surface area, nor morphology was found to have much impact on the electrochemical discharge rate. Moreover, Zhu et al 6 investigated factors that determine performance of carbon fuel in the D...

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“…In addition, the suspension of solid material in the melt, i.e., coal, could sufficiently worsen the viscosity and block the flow. For these reasons, it is essential to examine the flow characteristics of the pure electrolyte through the anode, even under a non-reacting low-Reynolds number flow condition [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of friction factor of nickel foam anode at high temperature condition of carbonate flow in direct coal fuel cell system

Kim

Song

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Evaluation of carbon materials for use in a direct carbon fuel cell

Cited by 118 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Coal Gases on Electrochemical Reactions in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell System

Effect of Coal Gases on Electrochemical Reactions in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell System

Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Operated on Coal and Effect of Operation Mode

Measurement of friction factor of nickel foam anode at high temperature condition of carbonate flow in direct coal fuel cell system

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