Evaluation of cattle breeds for beef production in New Zealand—A review

Carter, A.H.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(75)90117-7

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A similar conclusion can be inferred from the literature. Mee and Dings (1989) reported that BB sired calves had heavier birth weights than Friesian sired calves, while both Carter (1975) and Everitt et al (1978) showed that Friesian calves were heavier than AA cross calves. The absence of differences between the genetic merit groups in arrival weight suggests no effect of EPD CWT on birth weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genetic merit for carcass weight, breed type and slaughter weight on performance and carcass traits of beef × dairy steers

Keane

Dunne

Kenny

et al. 2011

Animal

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Crossbreeding of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with both early maturing (e.g. Aberdeen Angus (AA)) and late maturing (e.g. Belgian Blue (BB)) beef breeds is commonly practised. In Ireland, genetic merit for growth rate of beef sires is expressed as expected progeny difference for carcass weight (EPD CWT ). The objective of this study was to compare the progeny of Holstein-Friesian cows, sired by AA and BB bulls of low (L) and high (H) EPD CWT for performance and carcass traits. A total of 118 spring-born male progeny from 20 (9 AA and 11 BB) sires (8 L and 12 H) were managed together from shortly after birth to about 19 months of age. They were then assigned to one of two mean slaughter weights (560 kg (light) or 620 kg (heavy)). Following slaughter, carcasses were graded for conformation class and fat class, the 6th to 10th ribs joint was dissected as an indicator of carcass composition, and samples of subcutaneous fat and musculus longissimus were subjected to Hunterlab colour measurements. A sample of m. longissimus was also chemically analysed. Slaughter and carcass weights per day of age for AAL, AAH, BBL and BBH were 747, 789, 790 and 805 (s.e. 10.5) g, and 385, 411, 427 and 443 (s.e. 4.4) g, respectively. Corresponding carcass weight, kill-out proportion, carcass conformation class (scale 1 to 5) and carcass fat class (scale 1 to 5) values were 289, 312, 320 and 333 (s.e. 4.0) kg, 516, 522, 542 and 553 (s.e. 3.5) g/kg, 2.5, 2.4, 3.0 and 3.1 (s.e. 0.10), and 3.4, 3.5, 2.9 and 2.8 (s.e. 0.11). There were few breed type 3 genetic merit interactions. Delaying slaughter date increased slaughter weight, carcass weight and all measures of fatness. It also reduced the proportion of carcass weight in the hind quarter and the proportions of bone and muscle in the ribs joint. None of these effects accompanied the increase in carcass weight due to higher EPD CWT . It is concluded that BB have superior production traits to AA. Selection of sires for higher EPD CWT increases growth rate, kill-out proportion and carcass weight of progeny with little effect on carcass or muscle traits. The extra carcass weight due to higher EPD CWT is more valuable commercially than a comparable carcass weight increment from a delay in slaughter date because it comprises a higher proportion of muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genetic merit for carcass weight, breed type and slaughter weight on performance and carcass traits of beef × dairy steers

Keane

Dunne

Kenny

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…It is only quite recently that characteristics of carcasses of these breeds and crosses of these and other breeds have been reported by New Zealand workers (Campbell 1970;Hight et al 1973;Carter 1975;Bass et al 1981;Baker & Carter 1982). In contrast both breed and heterosis effects on carcass traits of steers and been reported in many North American studies (e.g., Cundiff 1970;Long 1980;Gregory et al 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal crossbreeding of Angus and Hereford cattle 2. Steer growth and carcass traits

Johnson

Baker

Morris

et al. 1986

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Breed and heterosis effects for growth and some carcass characteristics were estimated from purebred Angus (A x A), purebred Hereford (H x H), and crossbred (H x A and A x H) steers bred at the Waikite Land Development Block near Rotorua over a 4-year period. Data from 477 steers alive at 5-month weaning and 445 steers slaughtered at 20 monthsof-age were analysed. Age of dam and age of calf were significant non-genetic effects for all liveweights, 20-month carcass weight, and eye muscle area. The age of dam effect was not significant for average fat depth over the 12th rib of the carcass, but age of calf showed a significant effect.' At a constant slaughter age (618 days) steers by Hereford sires had a higher slaughter liveweight, carcass weight, and dressing-out percent than those by Angus sires. Steers out of Hereford cows relative to those from Angus cows were heavier at slaughter and had heavier carcasses but there was no significant effect of cow breed on other carcass traits. At a constant hot carcass weight (169 kg), eye muscle area was larger for steers sired by Angus bulls or out of Angus dams, with little effect of sire breed or dam breed on the other carcass traits. Comparison of purebred calves with the reciprocal crosses showed significant (P< 0.001) heterosis for empty liveweight before slaughter (8.4%), hot carcass weight (10.4070), dressing-out percent (1.9%), fat depth (26.5%), eye muscle area (6.1%), and export carcass grade ( -10.2%), when evaluated at a constant slaughter age. At a constant hot carcass weight, heterosis was significant (P< 0.05) for dressing-out percent (0.7%) and fat depth (13.7%). Paternal half-sib heritability estimates increased from 0.19 for 5-month weaning weight to 0.62 for 20-month empty liveweight and 0.60 for hot carcass weight. Heritabilities for carcass traits at a constant slaughter age were moderate to low: fat depth (0.26), dressing-out percent (0.23), export carcass grade (0.39), and eye muscle area (0). Genetic and phenotypic correlations among steer liveweights recorded from weaning to 20 months-of-age and hot carcass weight were high and positive (0.64-0.97). Phenotypic correlations of final liveweight with dressing-out percent, fat depth, and eye muscle area were all moderate to low and positive. Genetic correlations of fat depth with final liveweight or hot carcass weight were negative.

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“…Previously published information (Everitt 1975;Carter 1975) has concentrated on animals killed for beef production. Everitt (1970Everitt ( , 1973 drew attention to the potential of the surplus female calves as beef breeding cows, hut this has so far received little attention in New Zealand.…”

Section: Industry Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, yearling heifers were not mated in the experiment and it is this age and parity group which is especially vulnerable to dystocia when mated to large mature sire breeds (Preston & Willis 1970;Carter 1975;Phillipson 1976e). …”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%