Evaluation of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension for control of metritis in high-risk lactating dairy cows

McLaughlin, CL; Stanisiewski, E.P.; Risco, C.A.; Santos, J.E.P.; Dahl, Geoffrey E.; Chebel, R.C.; LaGrow, C.; Daugherty, C.; Bryson, Lawrence; Weigel, Daniel J.; Hallberg, John W.; Lucas, Merlyn J.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.029

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ceftiofur crystalline free acid reduced the probability of PVD at 35 ± 3 d postpartum (Dubuc et al, 2011). Treatment of cows at high risk for uterine diseases with systemic antimicrobials, however, does not necessarily improve their reproductive performance (Dubuc et al, 2011;McLaughlin et al, 2013). Intrauterine treatment of cows with PVD using cephapirin benzathine is approved in Canada, Europe, and New Zealand, and it is reported to increase reproductive performance (LeBlanc et al, 2002a;Kasimanickam et al, 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of Intrauterine Infusion Of Escherichia Coli Lipopolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Moraes

Silva

Mendonça³

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of the current experiment were to evaluate the effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cows diagnosed with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) on intrauterine cell population, resolution of PVD, uterine health, and reproductive performance. Jersey cows (n = 3,084) were examined using the Metricheck device to diagnose PVD at 35 ± 6 d postpartum. Purulent vaginal discharge was defined as the presence of purulent (≥50% pus) discharge detectable in the vagina. Of the 310 cows positive for PVD, 267 cows were enrolled in the current experiment. To ensure proper timing of treatment and collection of samples, only 9 PVD-positive cows were treated per day. Selected cows were balanced at 35 ± 6 d postpartum for lactation number, body condition score, and milk yield and were randomly assigned to receive an intrauterine infusion of 20 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control, n = 87), 20 mL of PBS with 150 µg LPS (LPS150, n = 91), or 20 mL of PBS with 300 µg of LPS (LPS300, n = 89). Uterine cytology was performed immediately before treatment and 1, 2, and 7 d after treatment to evaluate the effect of LPS treatment on intrauterine cell population. Cows were examined with the Metricheck device at 7 and 28 d after treatment to evaluate the effects of treatment on resolution of PVD. Reproductive status was recorded up to 200 d postpartum. Cows diagnosed with PVD had greater incidence of twinning, dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis after calving than cows without PVD. Count of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in uterine cytology 1, 2, and 7 d after intrauterine infusion was not statistically different among treatments. From d 0 to 1, however, PMNL count in uterine cytology of PBS cows increased by 5%, whereas the PMNL count in uterine cytology of LPS150 and LPS300 cows increased by 54 and 48%, respectively. Treatment did not affect the likelihood of cows being diagnosed with PVD 7 and 28 d after intrauterine infusion. Cows without PVD and LPS150 cows were more likely to be pregnant after the first postpartum AI than PBS cows. After the second postpartum AI, cows without PVD were more likely to be pregnant than PBS and LPS300 cows. Hazard of pregnancy up to 200 d postpartum was decreased for PBS and LPS300 cows compared with cows without PVD, and it tended to be decreased for LPS150 cows compared with cows without PVD. Intrauterine treatment with 150 µg of E. coli LPS of cows diagnosed with PVD improved likelihood of pregnancy after the first postpartum AI, but further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which LPS treatment improved fertility.

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Section: Effects Of Intrauterine Infusion Of Escherichia Coli Lipopolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Moraes

Silva

Mendonça³

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Vaginal discharge was scored at 4, 6, and 8 DIM for diagnosis of metritis as previously described (McLaughlin et al, 2013): 1 = no discharge observed; 2 = discharge not fetid, normal lochia, viscous, red, brown, or clear; 3 = discharge not fetid, thick mucus, and cloudy, clearing, or clear; 4 = discharge not fetid, might have been purulent or mucopurulent, and chocolate brown color; 5 = discharge fetid, thin, serous, or watery, might have been red/pink to chocolate brown color with or without pieces of necrotic tissue present. Vaginal discharge was retrieved by palpation per rectum, and cows with at least one vaginal discharge score 5 were diagnosed with metritis.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Uterine Disorders and Cyclicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Vieira-Neto

Lima

Santos

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The main objective was to evaluate the association between vulvovaginal laceration and uterine diseases in dairy cows. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the association between vulvovaginal laceration and cyclicity, and reproductive performance. The vulvovaginal region of 660 Holstein cows from a 5,000 lactating-cows herd was inspected at 4d in milk (DIM) for the presence of lacerations, and scored (VLS) as follows: 0=no laceration; 1=laceration <2cm at the dorsal commissure of the vulva or lateral walls of the vulva/vagina; 2=laceration ≥2cm at the dorsal commissure of the vulva or at the lateral walls of the vulva/vagina, or both. Vaginal discharge was scored at 4, 6, and 8 DIM for diagnosis of metritis, and then at 32 DIM for diagnosis of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Data were analyzed using LOGISTIC and PHREG procedures of SAS. Cows with VLS 2 had greater incidence of metritis than cows with VLS 0 (69.1 vs. 42.4%), and cows with VLS 1 tended to have greater incidence of metritis than cows with VLS 0 (52.0 vs. 42.4%). Cows with VLS 2 had greater incidence of PVD than cows with VLS 0 (56.5 vs. 43.1%). A lower proportion of cows with VLS 2 than VLS 0 were cyclic by 64 DIM (70.0 vs. 86.8%). A lower proportion of cows with VLS 2 than VLS 0 were pregnant at 60 d after first AI (28.7 vs. 33.6%). Proportion of pregnant cows at 60d after AI tended to be lower for VLS 1 than VLS 0 (28.4 vs. 33.6%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was not affected by VLS. Hazard of pregnancy was decreased for cows with metritis, PVD, and anovular cows. In summary, vulvovaginal laceration was associated with uterine disease and cyclicity, which were negatively associated with reproductive performance. Vulvovaginal laceration was recognized as a risk factor for postpartum uterine disease.

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“…Recent studies have shown conflicting results on the efficacy of a single dose of long-acting ceftiofur (crystalline fee acid) to reduce the incidence of metritis in cows with risk factors at calving McLaughlin et al, 2013). There are data to support treatment of cows with metritis with ceftiofur or penicillin (LeBlanc, 2008;McLaughlin et al, 2012), but clinical cure is only around 75% to 80% over 10 to 14 days as compared with 62% in untreated cases (Chenault et al, 2004).…”

Section: Metritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive tract inflammatory disease in postpartum dairy cows

LeBlanc

2014

Animal

124

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Up to half of dairy cows are affected by at least one of metritis, purulent vaginal discharge, endometritis or cervicitis in the postpartum period. These conditions result from inadequate immune response to bacterial infection (failure to clear pathogenic bacteria from the uterus) or persistent inflammation that impairs rather than enhances reproductive function. The degree of mobilization of fat and how effectively it is used as a metabolic fuel is well recognized as a risk factor for metabolic and infectious disease. Release of non-esterified fatty acids has direct effects on liver and immune function but also produces pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6), which contribute to systemic inflammation and to insulin resistance. Therefore, reproductive tract inflammatory disease may be a function of both local and systemic inflammatory stimuli and regulation as well as regulation of fat metabolism. Better understanding of variables associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory regulation in the liver and adipose tissue may lead to improvement of reproductive tract health. This paper reviews factors that may contribute to postpartum reproductive tract inflammatory diseases in dairy cows and their inter-relationships, impacts and treatment.

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Evaluation of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension for control of metritis in high-risk lactating dairy cows

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine health, resolution of purulent vaginal discharge, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Reproductive tract inflammatory disease in postpartum dairy cows

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