Evaluation of Cell Wall Chemistry of Della and Its Mutant Sweet Sorghum Stalks

Abstract

The cell wall compositional (lignin and polysaccharides) variation of two sweet sorghum varieties, Della (D) and its variant REDforGREEN (RG), was evaluated at internodes (IN) and nodes (N) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pyrolysis−gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and two-dimensional (2D) 1 H− 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The stalks were grown in 2018 (D1 and RG1) and 2019 (D2 and RG2) seasons. In RG1, Klason lignin reductions by 16−44 and 2−26% were detected in IN and N, respectively. The analyses also revealed that lignin from the sorghum stalks was enriched in guaiacyl units and the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio was increased in RG1 and RG2, respectively, by 96% and more than 2-fold at IN and 61 and 23% at N. The glucan content was reduced by 23−27% for RG1 and by 17−22% for RG2 at internodes. Structural variations due to changes in both cellulose-and hemicellulose-based sugars were detected. The nonacylated and γ-acylated β−O−4 linkages were the main interunit linkages detected in lignin. These results indicate compositional variation of stalks due to the RG variation, and the growing season could influence their mechanical and lodging behavior.

Lodging Variability in Sorghum Stalks Is Dependent on the Biomechanical and Chemical Composition of the Stalk Rinds

“…The S/G ratio of the internode rind was determined from Py-GCMS data (Figure 7a). The S/G ratios were 0.29, 0.36, 0.34, and 0.38, respectively for D1, RG1, D2, and RG2, which was consistent with previous work [93]. The S/G ratios of RG1 and RG2 were significantly increased, respectively, by 24.1% and 11.4%.…”

“…The total content of β-O-4-ethers for palm kernel lignin was reported at 2.29 mmol/g [108]. β-O-4 lignin linkages were the main linkages detected by 2D-NMR in sorghum stalks [93]. The data (Table 6) also indicated that 63-71% of β-O-4 were released as G monomer.…”

Physicochemical Characterization of Woody Lignocellulosic Biomass and Charcoal for Bio-energy Heat Generation

“…The charcoal sample's HHV values were in the following order: AA > PA > HM > VP. The charcoal calorific values compare well to a study on the combustion quality analysis of briquettes, which found that all of the materials met the minimum standards for a solid fuel rather than coal 19 . The caloric value reveals the quality of biomass, as its caloric value determines its energy contents 4 .…”

“…The utilization of biomass materials as source for energy-related applications is typically accompanied by physicochemical characterization since it provides crucial information about the feedstock's physical, chemical, and thermal properties as well as its structural profile 18 . In fact, for predictive purposes, several studies have established functional relationships between the higher heating value (HHV) of biomass and its physicochemical characteristics, namely Volatile matter (VM) or Fixed carbon (FC), ash, carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H) 19,20 . An essential quality to qualify a fuel that provides information on fuel breakdown is the combination of elemental analysis, compositional analysis, and calorific value.…”

Improving the physicochemical and in vitro hypolipidemic properties of soluble dietary fiber in camellia seed residue by a cellulose degrading fungus YC49

“…41 Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin exist as polymers in the plant cell wall, and the linkages between them loosened with the biodegradation of YC49, which released some of the soluble hemicellulose. 42 Meanwhile, sufficient consumption of polysaccharides composed of glucose and arabinose by YC49 and the increase of the content of other components were the main reasons for the decrease in the percentage of glucose and arabinose.…”