Evaluation of chlordimeform and degradation products for mutagenic and DNA‐damaging activity in<i>salmonella typhimurium</i>and<i>escherichia coli</i>

Rashid, Kamal A.; Ercegovich, C. D.; Mumma, Ralph O.

doi:10.1080/03601238409372417

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The mutagenicity and DNA repair tests were performed according to the procedures specified elsewhere (Rashid et al, 1984). All positive results were replicated at least four times using 3-5 plates per concentration per determinations.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short‐term bacterial test systems

Rashid¹,

Mumma

1984

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Genotoxicity of the insecticide methyl parathion was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacterial test systems for the detection of back mutations and DNA-damage. Methyl parathion was mutagenic to S. typhimurium strain TA100 after activation with rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. In DNA repair tests, methyl parathion was effective in inducing damage to the S. typhimurium strain TA1538 which lack excision repair compared to the strain TA1978 which is proficient in excision repair mechanisms. Normal laboratory light conditions had no effect on the mutagenicity tests, however, exposure of methyl parathion in the petri dish containing the tester strain TA100 and rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes reduced the mutagenic activity and increased the toxic effects of methyl parathion.

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short‐term bacterial test systems

Rashid¹,

Mumma

1984

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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“…In vitro tests for mutagenicity typically expose bacteria or cultured mammalian cells to the suspected mutagen and assay for gross DNA damage, such as micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations, or for mutations of particular genes, such as HPRT with Chinese hamster ovary cells (reviewed by [16]). One of the common tests for mutagenicity is the Ames test, a bacteria-based test that uses reporter strains of Salmonella typhimurium to assess mutagenicity [17,18]. In the original form of this assay, the bacteria have a mutation in the histidine synthesis gene hisG46 and are auxotrophic to histidine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria are exposed to the potential mutagen and plated in media with limited histidine, and the number of colony forming units (bacteria that mutated and reverted to being prototrophic to histidine) are counted and assessed as a measure of mutagenic potential. Similar assays have been developed using Escherichia coli and tryptophan synthesis [18,19]. Given the ease of use and short time needed to complete the assay, the Ames test can be performed in a high-throughput manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast grown in continuous culture systems can detect mutagens with improved sensitivity relative to the Ames test

et al. 2021

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Continuous culture systems allow for the controlled growth of microorganisms over a long period of time. Here, we develop a novel test for mutagenicity that involves growing yeast in continuous culture systems exposed to low levels of mutagen for a period of approximately 20 days. In contrast, most microorganism-based tests for mutagenicity expose the potential mutagen to the biological reporter at a high concentration of mutagen for a short period of time. Our test improves upon the sensitivity of the well-established Ames test by at least 20-fold for each of two mutagens that act by different mechanisms (the intercalator ethidium bromide and alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate). To conduct the tests, cultures were grown in small, inexpensive continuous culture systems in media containing (potential) mutagen, and the resulting mutagenicity of the added compound was assessed via two methods: a canavanine-based plate assay and whole genome sequencing. In the canavanine-based plate assay, we were able to detect a clear relationship between the amount of mutagen and the number of canavanine-resistant mutant colonies over a period of one to three weeks of exposure. Whole genome sequencing of yeast grown in continuous culture systems exposed to methyl methanesulfonate demonstrated that quantification of mutations is possible by identifying the number of unique variants across each strain. However, this method had lower sensitivity than the plate-based assay and failed to distinguish the different concentrations of mutagen. In conclusion, we propose that yeast grown in continuous culture systems can provide an improved and more sensitive test for mutagenicity.

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“…In vitro tests for mutagenicity typically expose bacteria or cultured mammalian cells to the suspected mutagen and assay for gross DNA damage, such as micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations, or for mutations of particular genes, such as HPRT with Chinese hamster ovary cells (reviewed by [16]). One of the common tests for mutagenicity is the Ames test, a bacteria-based test that uses reporter Salmonella typhimurium lines to assess mutagenicity [17,18]. In the original form of this assay, the bacteria have a mutation in histidine synthesis gene hisG46 and are auxotrophic to histidine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria are exposed to the potential mutagen and plated in media with limited histidine, and the number of colony forming units (bacteria that mutated and reverted to being prototrophic to histidine) are counted and assessed as a measure of mutagenic potential. Similar assays have been developed for Escherichia coli and tryptophan synthesis [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast grown in continuous culture systems can detect mutagens with improved sensitivity relative to the Ames test

Ong

Pence

Molik

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Continuous culture systems allow for the controlled growth of microorganisms over a long period of time. Here, we develop a novel test for mutagenicity that involves growing yeast in continuous culture systems exposed to low levels of mutagen for a period of weeks. In contrast, most microorganism-based tests for mutagenicity expose the potential mutagen to the biological reporter at a high concentration of mutagen for a short period of time. Our test improves upon the sensitivity of the well-established Ames test by at least 20-fold for each of two mutagens that act by different mechanisms (the intercalator ethidium bromide and alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate). To conduct the tests, cultures were grown in small, inexpensive continuous culture systems in media containing (potential) mutagen, and the resulting mutagenicity of the added compound was assessed via two methods: a canavanine-based plate assay and whole genome sequencing. In the canavanine-based plate assay, we were able to detect a clear relationship between the amount of mutagen and the number of canavanine-resistant mutant colonies over a period of one to three weeks of exposure. Whole genome sequencing of yeast grown in continuous culture systems exposed to MMS demonstrated that quantification of mutations is possible by identifying the number of unique variants across each strain but with lower sensitivity than the plate-based assay. In conclusion, we propose yeast grown in continuous culture systems can provide an improved and more sensitive test for mutagenicity.

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Evaluation of chlordimeform and degradation products for mutagenic and DNA‐damaging activity insalmonella typhimuriumandescherichia coli

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short‐term bacterial test systems

Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short‐term bacterial test systems

Yeast grown in continuous culture systems can detect mutagens with improved sensitivity relative to the Ames test

Yeast grown in continuous culture systems can detect mutagens with improved sensitivity relative to the Ames test

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