Evaluation of climate change induced vulnerability and adaptation strategies at Haor areas in Bangladesh by integrating GIS and DIVA model

Jakariya,; Islam, Md. Nazrul

doi:10.1007/s40808-017-0378-9

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This unexpected frequency and magnitude of flooding are increasing poverty and food insecurity for the haor inhabitants. This is in line with the findings of Bormudoi and Nagai (2017) and Jakariya and Islam (2017), who reveal how sedimentation affects wetland flood dynamics. Again, due to the constriction of channels due to sedimentation, these waterways are unable to discharge water from the floodplain back into the main channels and river, thereby accelerating the accumulation of runoff.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

How Do Vulnerable People in Bangladesh Experience Environmental Stress From Sedimentation in the Haor Wetlands? An Exploratory Study

Islam

Haq

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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Introduction and BackgroundThe haor landscape (Figure 1) comprises a large, shallow tectonic depression in the northeastern part of Bangladesh that becomes inundated to a depth of 5 m or more during the monsoonal annual rainy season. Haor covers an area of approximately 2 million hectares (19,998 km 2 ) and supports a population of 19.37 million people (Chakraborty et al., 2021;Kamal et al., 2018). The haor basin is actively subsiding, and its hydrological, topographical, geomorphological, and socioeconomic features are distinctive as compared to other parts of Bangladesh (Chakraborty, Mondal, et al., 2012;IUCN, 2015). The geology of the haor basin consists of 13-20 km thick alluvial and deltaic deposits underlain by gneisses and granites, and the basin is bounded by the Shillong Plateau to the north (Figure 1), the Indo-Burman Range to the east, and the Indian Shield to the west. Non-calcareous, non-saline gray alluvium and acidic, alkaline clays are the most common soils within the basin (DBHWD, 2017), which is predominantly topographically flat but possesses some low hills that are covered with rainforest, tea and rubber plantations. The haor is very close to the towns of Cherrapunji (Figure 1) and Mawsynram, which are considered to be the rainiest places in the world, with an average annual rainfall of 11,755 mm and an average rainfall of 1,700 and 7,400 mm in the pre-and post-monsoon seasons, respectively (Basher et al., 2018;Rahman et al., 2020). As a result, the haor region receives significant runoff from 23 small transboundary rivers, including the Surma-Baulai, Kalni-Kushiyara, and Kangsa-Dhanu rivers, which originate in the hill regions of neighboring India. Seventy percent of the total catchment area of these rivers depends on three Indian States: Meghalaya, Assam, and Tripura (CEGIS, 2012). This abundant runoff enables the annual flooding of the haor region (Figure 2) to depths of 5-7 m, and much of the area is thus characterized by regular yearly inundation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

How Do Vulnerable People in Bangladesh Experience Environmental Stress From Sedimentation in the Haor Wetlands? An Exploratory Study

Islam

Haq

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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“…While these outcome-based studies provide a general overview of climate exposure in the area, more context-specific studies help to reveal how affected communities perceive the climate impacts (see also Figure 1). Using participatory research methods, Rahman et al [162] and Jakaria and Islam [163] have evaluated community perceptions, revealing that despite the high exposure of the floodplain to climate change impacts, community members perceive an extreme climate event (e.g., regular season flood, flash flood, drought or extreme rainfall) as a stress to their livelihoods if it spatially and temporally co-occurs during their crop harvesting periods. Most of the climate stresses were intensified by the changing biophysical properties of the floodplain like the declining water discharge capacity of watersheds, increasing sediment loads and gradual decline of small canals and beels.…”

Section: Step 2: Assessing Livelihood Exposure To Climate Impacts In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agriculture, being the most important economic and livelihood generating activity, is heavily affected by the stresses. For example, drawing on the account of affected community members, Jakaria and Islam [163] reported that every household loses 58 to 95% of their total agricultural production due to flash flood events and other climate stresses. Similar impacts have also been observed in fisheries, due to drought and gradual loss of watersheds and beels [162].…”

Section: Step 3: Assessing Livelihood Sensitivity To Climate Impacts ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Framework for Assessing Context-Specific Rural Livelihood Vulnerability

Rahman

Hickey

2020

Sustainability

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Reviewing both conceptual and empirical studies on climate vulnerability and adaptation assessment, this paper offers an analytical framework to help better understand how context-specific adaptation strategies could be developed. The framework systematically assembles the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods and the Vulnerability Assessment frameworks to develop its structural and analytical components. The resulting five-step approach involves: (i) identification of context along with understanding what aspect of vulnerability need to be studied; (ii) assessment of livelihood exposure to climate impacts involving both community perspectives and meteorological data-based climate forecasts; (iii) characterization of available capital asset usages to help buffer climate sensitivity; (iv) analysis of formal and informal institutional impetus to enhance adaptive capacity; and (v) evaluation of gaps between context-specific vulnerability and institutional and policy responses to avoid maladaptive trajectories. Drawing on published research and policy documentation, we apply the framework to the livelihood systems operating in the northeastern floodplain community of Bangladesh to demonstrate the utility of the approach and then discuss its potential to inform adaptation strategies.

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“…The vast bowl-shaped wetlands known as Haor areas are situated in the northeastern region of Bangladesh. There are around 373 Haors in the Sunamganj, Habiganj, Netrokona, Kishoreganj, Sylhet, Maulavibazar, and Brahmanbaria districts (Jakariya and Islam, 2017). Low productivity, flash floods, and other natural disasters, a lack of communication and other infrastructure, and a lack of proper state intervention has resulted in poor socio-economic condition to the people of Haor areas (Kamruzzaman and Shaw, 2018;Kazal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of covid-19 on academic performance of students in the disadvantageous agricultural wetland (haor) areas of Bangladesh

Islam

Ahmed

2022

Bangladesh J. Agri.

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The pandemic COVID-19 has adverse impacts in almost every sector, including agriculture and education. As an agricultural country, Bangladesh Govt. have prioritized the livelihood, socio-economic condition, especially the education programs in the haor areas. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on academic performances of primary to higher secondary students in the haor areas of Netrokona and Sunamganj districts. A total of 620 individuals took part in this study. All the participants thought their academic performance were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in varying degrees. Half of the respondents had no opportunity to join online learning during school closures due to COVID-19 lockdown. The majority of online learners (61.54%) used software-based online classes, while a significant amount of students (39.74%) watched only government-provided Bangladesh Television (BTV) classes during the lockdown. Numerous problems regarding online learning, like financial crisis, lack of smart gadgets, expensive and slow internet, lack of training etc., were predominantly identified in haor areas. It is recommended that concerned authorities should take initiative to provide study loans, free or cheaper data packages, training to teachers and motivation to students and guardians to overcome the temporary loss of education in haor areas of Bangladesh. The findings of this study might help the educationists and policymakers to implement pandemic recovery programs for rural development in the agricultural region of the country. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2019-2021, 44-46: 115-125

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Evaluation of climate change induced vulnerability and adaptation strategies at Haor areas in Bangladesh by integrating GIS and DIVA model

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

How Do Vulnerable People in Bangladesh Experience Environmental Stress From Sedimentation in the Haor Wetlands? An Exploratory Study

How Do Vulnerable People in Bangladesh Experience Environmental Stress From Sedimentation in the Haor Wetlands? An Exploratory Study

An Analytical Framework for Assessing Context-Specific Rural Livelihood Vulnerability

Impact of covid-19 on academic performance of students in the disadvantageous agricultural wetland (haor) areas of Bangladesh

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