Evaluation of Collagen Ceramic Composite Graft Materials in a Spinal Fusion Model

Combination of calcium sulfate and simvastatin-controlled release microspheres enhances bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial bone defects

“…[1][2][3][4] Approximately 500,000 bone grafting procedures are performed annually in the USA, and 2.2 million are performed worldwide in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and dentistry. 5,6 The classic standard treatment for bone grafting is the autologous bone graft, which has both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, autograft harvesting is typically associated with an 8.5%-20% risk of complications, including poor cosmesis, infection, and chronic pain at the donor site.…”

Spinal fusion using an autologous growth factor gel and a porous resorbable ceramic

“…Biomaterial bone graft substitutes, including a variety of hydroxyapatite [3,24,25,27,36] and composite-based materials, [36,43] have been developed to replace autogenous bone, with varied success. Whilst bone graft substitutes can provide a matrix for cellular ingrowth/ongrowth or a scaffold for new bone formation, they lack the biological molecules and cells present in the normal healing environment [20].…”

Correlative radiological, self-assessment and clinical analysis of evolution in instrumented dorsal and lateral fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease. Autograft versus coralline hydroxyapatite

“…In the past, most studies analyzing the success of spinal fusion using autograft, allograft, or bone substitutes have relied mainly on plain film radiographs [8,9,35,36]. The assessment of spinal fusion with autologous IBG was traditionally based on the presence or absence of trabecular bone or a fusion mass.…”