Evaluation of Collectible Samples of Spring Soft Wheat for Precocity and Short Stalk

Abstract

In the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, precocity, shortness of stem and resistance to lodging are important economic and biological signs that affect the productivity of wheat in a certain way. The object of research was 300 collectible samples of spring soft wheat of domestic and foreign origin. Field experiments were laid in 2019-2021 on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of spring wheat of the Volga Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the fields of the first selection crop rotation. As a result of research in 2019-2021, the duration of the germination-earing period (PVK) in collection samples varied from 31 to 52 days. In 2020, a weak negative relationship was revealed between the duration of PVK and the yield of samples (r = -0.18) with a critical value of coefficients r005 = 0.113, r001 = 0.148, in 2021 – an average negative relationship between PVK and the yield of samples (r = -0.35). On the basis of precocity, 13 genetic sources were identified: 2019 - Ural Cuckoo, Chelyabinsk Early (Chelyabinsk region), Odeta, Libertina (Czech Republic), Chi Mai (China); 2020 - Rifor 1, Rifor 6, LT-9 (Leningrad region), Arabeska (Poland); 2021 - Albidum 2030 (Orenburg region), Odintsovo (Chelyabinsk region), Dalira (Khabarovsk region), Zarco (Spain).Over the years of research, the height of plants in the studied samples by the end of the growing season varied from 40 to 124 cm. Short-stem varieties and hybrids were mainly of foreign origin. 15 genetic sources were identified based on shortness of stem: 2019 - KWS Torridon (Great Britain), KWS Jetstream (Germany), Florens, Eleganza (France), Long Fu 13 (China); 2020 - Odeta, Libertina (Czech Republic), Shiraz (Great Britain), Bryza (Germany), Boett (Sweden), Iona (USA); 2021 - H15-3 (Lipetsk region), KWS Sunny (Germany), Stanga (Switzerland), Dian 852-184 (China). The selected samples are recommended to be used in the breeding process.