“…In contrast to the well-investigated potential of the diverse tools, methods, and practices, little is known about the proper medium for cell recovery and DNA uptake, which is particularly true for the most commonly used solution, that is, nuclease-free water, which is also currently used in our laboratory. However, a wide range of other swabbing solutions, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [27,28], Triton X-100 [29,30], isopropanol [31][32][33], ethanol [33], isotonic sodium chloride (NaCl) [34], phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) [20,21,35,36], and Tween-20 [5,20,21] have not only been introduced as suitable in cell culture but have also been proposed as effective in forensic investigations. However, so far, comprehensive comparison studies of commercially available solutions and potential storage effects are rare [5,21,32], especially for DNA recovery from touch samples.…”