Evaluation of complexing agents in the gel electro-membrane extraction: An efficient approach for the quantification of zinc (II) ions in water samples

Taking a deeper look into the roles of amines in atomic absorption spectrometry

“…The use of gel electro-membrane extraction (G-EME) combined with FAAS allows the determination of Zn (II) in water samples, comparing the extraction efficiency of three types of complexing agents, phenanthroline (Phen), crown ethers (12C4, 15C5, 18C6), and EDTA using the electroendosmosis (EEO) flow as an unwanted actuator in the presence and absence of complexing agents. 121 By applying 50 V across a membrane, the Zn (II) ions migrate from the donor phase at pH 5.0, crossing the agarose gel membrane (at pH 5.0 and containing a complexing agent), to the acceptor phase at pH 3.0. Crown ethers, especially 1% (w/v) 18C6, added to the gel membrane provided the greatest extraction.…”

A highly sensitive chemosensor based on a metal‐organic framework for determining zinc ions in cosmetics creams and wastewater

“…Quantitative measurement of zinc concentration typically involves the use of different analytical methods. The methods used include electro-analytical techniques, [10][11][12] fluorescence analysis, 13 chemiluminescence analysis, 14 microprobe X-ray, 15 inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), 16 graphite furnace (GF-AAS), 17 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 18 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 19,20 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 21 and molecular spectrophotometry. [22][23][24][25][26] Although these methods have a low limit of detection, they are influenced by sample matrix interference, costly, and time consuming.…”

A new approach for cobalt (II) removal from simulated wastewater using electro membrane extraction with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane

“…Recently, a modified EME called gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) was applied to extract target analytes from the donor phase through a biopolymer membrane towards the acceptor phase under the effect of an electric field [ 18 , 19 ]. In this method, various biopolymer membranes were used involving polyacrylamide, agarose, agar, tragacanth, and chitosan.in spite of considering G-EME as a very interesting method for future green analytical chemistry, many drawbacks and challenges encounter this method such as lack of aqueous-organic solvent interface, high electro-endosmosis (EEO), and low selectivity.…”

“…Besides the size of two phases (donor and acceptor) undergo a change in size during extraction resulting from EEO [ 19 ]. However, the application of this method for heavy metals extraction is still at an early stage and needs further research [ 18 , 20 ].…”