Evaluation of Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) on a National Level

Schneider, Kevin P.; Fuller, Jason C.; Tuffner, Francis K.; Singh, Ruchi

doi:10.2172/990131

Cited by 163 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As part of the 2010 DOE report on Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR), a number of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the six constants for various end use loads [10]. Figure C-1 is an example of the laboratory testing that was conducted on a 13W compact florescent light bulb.…”

Section: Zip Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of GE Appliances in GridLAB-D: Peak Demand Reduction

Fuller¹,

Vyakaranam²,

Kumar³

et al. 2012

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SummaryThe widespread adoption of demand response (DR) enabled appliances and thermostats can result in a significant reduction to peak electrical demand and provide potential grid stabilization benefits. GE Appliances has developed a line of appliances that will have the capability of offering several levels of demand reduction actions based on information received from the utility grid, often in the form of price or grid status. However due to a number of factors, including the number of DR-enabled appliances available at any given time, the reduction of diversity factor due to the synchronizing control signal, and the percentage of consumers who may override the utility signal, it can be difficult to predict the aggregate response of a large number of residences. The effects of these behaviors can be modeled and simulated in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed open-source software, GridLAB-D™, including evaluation of the appliance controls, improvement to current algorithms, and development of aggregate control methodologies.This report is the first in a series of three reports describing the potential of GE Appliances' DR-enabled appliances to provide benefits to the utility grid. The first report will describe the modeling methodology used to represent the appliances in the GridLAB-D simulation environment and the estimated potential for peak demand reduction at various deployment levels. The second and third reports will explore the potential of aggregated group actions to positively impact grid stability, including frequency and voltage regulation and spinning reserves, and the impacts on distribution feeder voltage regulation, including mitigation of fluctuations caused by high penetration of photovoltaic distributed generation and the effects on volt-var control schemes.In Section 2, the effects and potential benefits of appliances on the power system were studied by modeling GE Appliances' DR-enabled appliances in GridLAB-D. GridLAB-D is an open-source, state-of-the-art software designed at PNNL for the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability to simulate the complexities of the smart grid from the substation down to the end-use load. Multi-state appliance models were used to represent not only the baseline instantaneous power demand and energy consumption, but the control systems developed by GE Appliances. This enabled the modeled appliances to respond to load reduction signals, as well as the change in behavior of the appliance in response to the signal. This included the power and energy consumption and the time horizon over which they operate for the various operational modes, and how changes in the DR control signal affect load behavior. This gives insight into the potential for short term versus longer term reduction in power consumption, and allows for exploration of different DR control signals without developing a new model for each case. Additionally, it gives insight into how to improve the effectiveness of the DR-enabled appliances...

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Section: Zip Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of GE Appliances in GridLAB-D: Peak Demand Reduction

Fuller¹,

Vyakaranam²,

Kumar³

et al. 2012

Self Cite

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“…Modifying the voltage amplitude and frequency, the ST can interact with the LV generators and loads in order to modify the power consumption [9]. The possibility to reduce the active power consumption acting on the voltage is well known in North America, where the Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is widely applied [17,18]. The CVR exploits the transformer on-Line Tap Changers (LTC) to decrease the voltage in the downstream grid.…”

Section: Proposed Grid Tailored Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Smart Transformer: A solid-state transformer tailored to provide ancillary services to the distribution grid

Costa

Carne

Buticchi

et al. 2017

IEEE Power Electron. Mag.

239

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“…One study in the literature [9] describes the results of estimating the CVR of power distribution units using GridLAB-D, which was developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Another paper from the literature [10] also describes the effect of adjusting the distribution voltage in smartgrid environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Conservation Voltage Reduction Factors Using Measurement Data of KEPCO System

Shim

Yun

et al. 2017

Energies

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This paper describes a method to estimate conservation voltage reduction (CVR) factors using data measured in power distribution systems. A direct method is proposed to estimate CVR factors using only data measured at the moment of the transformer tap change. The mean absolute deviation (MAD) direct method is proposed to consider direct methods and load variations. The proposed methods do not necessitate intentional tap changes for testing purposes. Instead, the voltage and load changes that occur when the tap changes, for voltage regulation purposes, are measured and utilized in the CVR factor calculation. The proposed methods were tested using data obtained from the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) system, and the results revealed that CVR factors for both active power and reactive power could be estimated using data measured in power distribution systems. Results of the CVR factor estimation for the active power revealed that the highest CVR factors occurred in winter, during which a large quantity of heating loads exist. In addition, the estimated CVR factors for the reactive power were higher than the estimated CVR factors for the active power because reactive power is more sensitive to voltage changes.

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Evaluation of Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) on a National Level

Cited by 163 publications

References 16 publications

Modeling of GE Appliances in GridLAB-D: Peak Demand Reduction

Modeling of GE Appliances in GridLAB-D: Peak Demand Reduction

The Smart Transformer: A solid-state transformer tailored to provide ancillary services to the distribution grid

Estimation of Conservation Voltage Reduction Factors Using Measurement Data of KEPCO System

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