Evaluation of Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography as a Method for Detecting Gallbladder Necrosis or Rupture in Dogs

Bargellini, Paolo; Orlandi, Riccardo; Paloni, Chiara; Rubini, Giuseppe; Fonti, Paolo; Peterson, Mark E.; Rishniw, Mark; Boiti, Cristiano

doi:10.1111/vru.12404

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast to its poor sensitivity, ultrasonography had good specificity (91.7%) for identification of gallbladder rupture before surgery in our study. Our findings are similar to previously reported specificities (81–100%) . The high specificity for ultrasonography to detect gallbladder rupture highlights its clinical utility in guiding therapeutic intervention in dogs with GBM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The high specificity for ultrasonography to detect gallbladder rupture highlights its clinical utility in guiding therapeutic intervention in dogs with GBM. If ultrasonography indicates the presence of gallbladder rupture, the probability of a false‐positive result is low (0–19%) . Likelihood ratios allow quantitation of probability of disease for an individual patient with a positive or negative test result and are independent of prevalence .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the common occurrence of gallbladder rupture in dogs with GBM and its significant association with survival, a more sensitive imaging modality is needed. Recently, the effectiveness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography to identify gallbladder wall necrosis or rupture in dogs was evaluated . This diagnostic modality was 100% sensitive and specific in the identification gallbladder wall necrosis or rupture in dogs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasonographic diagnosis of GBM was made based on the interpretation of a boarded‐certified veterinary radiologist. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder rupture was made based on modification of previously described criteria including if a defect within the wall of the gallbladder was identified with confluence of gallbladder content into the cranial peritoneum or if incongruity of the gallbladder wall was identified combined with pericholecystic effusion, cranial abdominal peritonitis, or steatitis . Furthermore, gallbladder rupture was considered in the absence of gallbladder visualization with the presence of abdominal effusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder Mucocele: Variables Associated with Outcome and the Utility of Ultrasonography to Identify Gallbladder Rupture in 219 Dogs (2007–2016)

Jaffey

Graham

VanEerde

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundGallbladder mucocele (GBM) is an increasingly recognized extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs.ObjectivesTo investigate cases of GBM and identify variables associated with survival and the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture.AnimalsTwo hundred and nineteen client‐owned dogs with GBM.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study of dogs with GBM, presented from January 2007 to November 2016 to 6 academic veterinary hospitals in the United States. Interrogation of hospital databases identified all cases with the inclusion criteria of a gross and histopathologic diagnosis of GBM after cholecystectomy and intraoperative bacteriologic cultures of at least 1 of the following: gallbladder wall, gallbladder contents, or abdominal effusion.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dogs with GBM and gallbladder rupture with bile peritonitis at the time of surgery were 2.7 times more likely to die than dogs without gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–4.68; n = 41). No significant associations were identified between survival and positive bacteriologic cultures, antibiotic administration, or time (days) from ultrasonographic identification of GBM to the time of surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios for ultrasonographic identification of gallbladder rupture were 56.1% (95% CI, 39.9–71.2), 91.7% (95% CI, 85.3–95.6), 6.74, and 0.44, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs in our study with GBM and intraoperative evidence of gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis had a significantly higher risk of death. Additionally, abdominal ultrasonography had low sensitivity for identification of gallbladder rupture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder Mucocele: Variables Associated with Outcome and the Utility of Ultrasonography to Identify Gallbladder Rupture in 219 Dogs (2007–2016)

Jaffey

Graham

VanEerde

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…A recent study by Bargellini and others10 investigated the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection of gall bladder necrosis and rupture in dogs. Necrosis or rupture was identified as a focal lack of enhancement of the gall bladder wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT findings of gall bladder rupture in two dogs with gall bladder mucocele

Gordon

Fernández

Schwarz

2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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A miniature poodle and miniature schnauzer were referred for the investigation of shallow breathing and restless behaviour, and the investigation of bilious vomiting, diarrhoea and the presence of a hepatic mass, respectively. In both cases, CT revealed heterogeneous, hyperattenuating content within the gall bladder, a defect in the gall bladder wall and leakage of biliary content into the perihepatic region compatible with gall bladder mucocele, rupture of the gall bladder and bile peritonitis. Both dogs underwent a cholecystectomy and made uneventful recoveries. Follow-up was available for both dogs one and two months later which confirmed a return to good health. CT is a helpful aid in the presurgical diagnosis of gall bladder wall rupture and bile peritonitis in dogs.

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