Evaluation of cotton byproducts as fillers for poly(lactic acid) and low density polyethylene

Sutivisedsak, Nongnuch; Cheng, H. N.; Dowd, Michael K.; Selling, Gordon W.; Biswas, Atanu

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.08.016

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thermal properties of samples were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) performed on DSC7 [15][16][17][18][19][20] Cellulose fibers [21][22][23] Cellulose whiskers [24] Microcrystalline cellulose [21,25] Wood flour and fibers [21,26,27] Flax fibers [23,28,29] Hemp fibers [30,31] Kenaf fibers [32,33] Bamboo fibers [34] Jute [21,35] Corn husks and stover [36,37] Apple solids and fibers [38,39] Sugar beet pulp [38,40] Oat husks [39] Cocoa shells [39] Wheat straw [37] Soy stalks [37] Abaca leaves [41] Green coconut [42] Cuphea and lasquerella seeds [43] Cotton burr and hull [44] Polyethylene Starch [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nutshells as Fillers in Polymer Composites

et al. 2012

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Nutshells are agricultural waste products that can be procured at relatively low cost. In this work we examined the possibility of using these biodegradable materials as fillers in poly(lactic acid) and low density polyethylene. The nutshells were ground into powder, blended with the polymer, and then injection molded with final weight varying from 10 to 40 weight %. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were then studied. In general, the addition of fillers caused reductions in mechanical properties to varying extents, but thermal properties were only slightly affected. The use of maleic anhydride and peroxide with the fillers had a negative effect on poly(lactic acid) but a slightly positive effect on the stiffness of polyethylene. The results suggested that polymer-nutshell composites may be usable in applications where cost is a concern and where some reductions in mechanical properties are acceptable.

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nutshells as Fillers in Polymer Composites

et al. 2012

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“…For composite formation (16), powdered burr and hull were separately mixed with PLA and LDPE and extruded into ribbons. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs of the fracture surfaces of PLA, LDPE, and their composites are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Polymer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both hull and burr samples were ground with a laboratory-scale Wiley mill to pass through the mill's 1-mm opening bottom sieve (16). Polymer blends were formulated with 10, 20, or 40% of the milled byproduct filler.…”

Section: Filler Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from the second heating cycle were used to determine T g , T cc , T m , ΔH cc , ΔH m and χ c . Further details are given in the original reference (16).…”

Section: Filler Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first application, these materials have been ground into powder and used as fillers in polymer composites (16). In the second application, these materials have been chemically converted into cellulose acetates (17) and mixed esters (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biobased Polymeric Materials Prepared from Cotton Byproducts

Cheng

Dowd

Biswas

2012

ACS Symposium Series

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Cotton burr and cottonseed hull are relatively inexpensive natural renewable materials from cotton and cottonseed processing.Recently several new polymer applications have been reported involving these byproducts. These new developments are briefly reviewed in this article. In the first application, the cotton byproducts have been used directly as fillers in poly(lactic acid) and low-density polyethylene composites. The composites have been prepared by melt blending and extrusion. The addition of these low-cost fillers has slightly changed the composite's thermal properties but significantly affected the composite's mechanical properties. In the second application, the cotton byproducts have been partly converted into cellulose esters without prior chemical breakdown or physical separation of cellulose, lignin, protein, and other components. The process entails treating these materials with acetic anhydride and iodine, with no solvent involved except during sample workup. In the third application, these materials have been partly converted into carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl xylan. Potential uses of these materials are discussed.Not subject to U.S.

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Biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and seaweed wastes from agar extraction: Evaluation of physicochemical properties

Madera‐Santana

Freile‐Pelegrín²,

Encinas

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Seaweed waste (SWW) is a residue or by‐product from the filtration step of the agar extraction process, and it has been explored as an inexpensive and effective filler for incorporation by melt blending into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. PLA‐SWW biocomposites were manufactured with various contents of SWW (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %) using a sheet extrusion process. PLA was functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH) by reactive extrusion using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator, and it was extruded using 0, 5, and 20 wt %. SWW content. The mechanical, thermal, structural, and morphological properties of the processed biocomposites were investigated. Regarding the mechanical behavior, a slight increase in the tensile modulus was observed at low SWW content. The thermal properties indicated that the rigid amorphous phase content was enhanced in the biocomposites. This work suggests that SWW can be used as filler to develop environmental friendly biocomposites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42320.

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Evaluation of cotton byproducts as fillers for poly(lactic acid) and low density polyethylene

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Use of Nutshells as Fillers in Polymer Composites

Use of Nutshells as Fillers in Polymer Composites

Biobased Polymeric Materials Prepared from Cotton Byproducts

Biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and seaweed wastes from agar extraction: Evaluation of physicochemical properties

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