Evaluation of curative and protective control of Penicillium digitatum following imazalil application in wax coating

Imazalil resistance in Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum causing citrus postharvest green and blue mould: Impact and options

“…The protective action of green mould fungicides can possibly be improved by an alternative application method. This was the case for IMZ, where application in wax coatings resulted in better protective control compared to dip treatments (Njombolwana et al, 2013a;2013b).…”

“…The sporulation inhibition effect of IMZ is better expressed when it is applied in wax coatings than when applied in an aqueous solution (Erasmus et al, 2011;2013;Njombolwana et al, 2013a;2013b). Brown and Dezman (1990) showed that fruit with an intact wax layer and treated with IMZ had lower levels of sporulation compared to fruit with the wax layer removed.…”

“…In packhouses where IMZ resistance is prevalent, fungicides with alternative modes of action could be applied; although none of these fungicides equalled IMZ in its combined curative, protective and sporulation control abilities of IMZ sensitive PD isolates, they would be effective when applied in an integrated programme. Each fungicide's optimal application needs to be specifically determined, as the profound effect of application on residue loading and control has been demonstrated in previous studies (Erasmus et al, 2011;2013;Njombolwana et al, 2013a;2013b).…”

A review on the use of essential oils for postharvest decay control and maintenance of fruit quality during storage

“…On the other hand, importing countries have enforced strict import regulations regarding the maximum residue limits (MRL) in the edible portion of the fruit. Green mould decay in citrus fruit is controlled during the postharvest chain by using a systemic fungicide known as imazalil (Njombolwana et al, 2013). Postharvest diseases in avocados are controlled commercially by the application of prochloraz fungicide treatments in South Africa, New Zealand and Australia (Everett et al, 2005, Scheepers et al, 2007, Smith et al, 2011.…”

“…Postharvest diseases in avocados are controlled commercially by the application of prochloraz fungicide treatments in South Africa, New Zealand and Australia (Everett et al, 2005, Scheepers et al, 2007, Smith et al, 2011. The MRL of this active ingredient for South African avocado and citrus are set at 2 mg kg À1 and 5 mg g À1 respectively for the EU countries and Japan (National Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (2012), Njombolwana et al, 2013).…”