Evaluation of cytochalasin B and 6-dimethylaminopurine for tetraploidy induction in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Abstract

Please cite this article as: Peachey, Brittany L., Allen Jr., Standish K., Evaluation of cytochalasin B and 6-dimethylaminopurine for tetraploidy induction in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Aquaculture (2015), AbstractCytochalasin B (CB) has been used to induce tetraploidy in oysters since the practice began in 1993. However, CB is toxic and presents health risks to hatchery workers who administer the treatment. 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) is also an effective cytokinetic inhibitor, and does not carry the health risks of CB. We examined the relative effectiveness of 6-DMAP vs CB for producing tetraploids in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Survival and yield of tetraploids varied widely among the 15 experiments. Larvae resulting from 6-DMAP treatment had higher survival in 11 of the 14 trials on day two and day six/ seven. For yield of tetraploids, 10 of 13 6-DMAP treatments had higher proportions of tetraploids on day two and at the second sampling -day six, seven, or nine -7 of 10 had higher proportions of tetraploids. Tetraploid spat were obtained from the majority of surviving cultures. Based on these results, 6-DMAP can effectively replace CB for inducing polyploidy in C. virginica, and probably other Crassostrea spp., due to the success of the treatment, the ease of application, and the reduction in health risk to hatchery workers. This study set the precedent for the use of 6-DMAP on C. virginica and A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 established a new procedure for inducing tetraploids using triploid eggs. It might be possible to refine the treatment to further optimize yield of tetraploids.

Triploid hard clamsMercenaria mercenariaproduced by inhibiting polar body I or polar bodyII

“…Because of the fast growth, superior meat quality and the ease to produce, “natural” triploids have been commercially produced worldwide. Currently, triploid Pacific oysters account for about 50% of the production in the US northwest coast, and most hatchery produced seed in France (Degremont, Ledu, Maurouard, Nourry & Benabdelmouna, ); triploid eastern oysters account for nearly 100% in Chesapeake Bay in the United States, and that of the Pacific oyster and Sydney rock oyster accounts for about 15% of the production in Australia (Peachey & Allen, ). Triploid production has become an important part of the oyster culture industry worldwide.…”

Tetraploid Induction and Establishment of Breeding Stocks for All-Triploid Seed Production

“…Tetraploids produced by this method did survive beyond metamorphosis (Guo and Allen 1994). After the first report, this novel method has been modified for efficiency and greater tetraploid occurrence (Eudeline et al 2000), as well as being applied to other shellfish species (Table 1), including pearl oyster (He et al 2000), Pacific calico scallop (Maldonado et al 2003), eastern oyster (Guo et al 2002;Peachey and Allen 2016), Suminoe oyster (Allen et al 2005), and bay scallop (Surier et al 2012). To date, tetraploid breeding populations have been established in Pacific, eastern, and Suminoe oysters.…”

“…In Australia, triploid Pacific oysters account for about 15% of the production (Peachey and Allen 2016). In the United States, triploid eastern oysters account for nearly 100% of seed production in the Chesapeake Bay (Peachey and Allen 2016), and they are the primary seed for the Gulf of Mexico oyster aquaculture (Yang, personal observation). Overall, aquaculture of triploid oysters has become an important component of the oyster industry worldwide.…”

Production and Performance of Triploid Oysters for Aquaculture

“…Triploid eastern oysters account for nearly 100% of the seed production in the Chesapeake Bay. Triploid Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata account for about 15% of the production in Australia (Peachey & Allen 2016). Commercial triploid oysters are typically produced by crossing tetraploids with normal diploids to yield 100% triploid seed.…”