Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease

Hughes, Kristopher; Nicolson, Lesley; Costa, Nuno da; Franklin, Samantha; Allen, Katherine; Dunham, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.018

Cited by 51 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similar results have been found for IAD [51, 52] and human asthma and COPD [53, 54]. In our study, the highest concentrations were found in CIP, where IL-1ß is known to stimulate the fibronectin and collagen synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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BackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker in human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of exacerbation of asthma and COPD. In this study, PCT was evaluated as a potential biomarker for different chronic pneumopathies in the horse using an equine specific ELISA in comparison to established clinical markers and different interleukins.Sixty-four horses were classified as free of respiratory disease, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), inflammatory airway disease (IAD) or chronic interstitial pneumopathy (CIP) using a scoring system. PCT concentrations were measured in plasma (n = 17) and in the cell-free supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 64). PCT concentrations were correlated to interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6 in BALF, clinical findings and BALF cytology.ResultsThe median PCT concentrations in plasma were increased in respiratory disease (174.46 ng/ml, n = 7) compared to controls (13.94 ng/ml, n = 10, P = 0.05) and correlated to PCT in BALF supernatant (rs = 0.48). Compared to controls (5.49 ng/ml, n = 15), median PCT concentrations in BALF supernatant correlated to the overall clinical score (rs = 0.32, P = 0.007) and were significantly increased in RAO (13.40 ng/ml, n = 21) and IAD (16.89 ng/ml, n = 16), while no differences were found for CIP (12.02 ng/ml, n = 12). No significant increases were found for IL-1 and IL-6 between controls and respiratory disease in general as well as different disease groups.ConclusionsAlthough some correlations were found between PCT in plasma, BALF supernatant and clinical scores, PCT in BALF does not seem to be a superior marker compared to established clinical markers. PCT in plasma seems to be more promising and a greater number of samples should be evaluated in further studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL‐17 and IL‐23 have been also linked with increases in BALF neutrophil percentage,54, 59 and increases in IL‐4 and IL‐5 with the mastocytic form of IAD,27, 54 which would support an implication of the adaptive immune response, including Th‐2 type polarization, in some IAD phenotypes.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Increased expression of genes encoding for TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IFN‐γ and protein concentrations (TNF‐α and IFN‐γ) have been repeatedly linked with abnormal BALF cytology findings, both in the presence and in the absence of clinical signs,27, 59, 60 suggesting that activation of the innate immune response and Th‐1 polarization are often involved in the pathogenesis of IAD and most likely drive the luminal neutrophilia. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL‐17 and IL‐23 have been also linked with increases in BALF neutrophil percentage,54, 59 and increases in IL‐4 and IL‐5 with the mastocytic form of IAD,27, 54 which would support an implication of the adaptive immune response, including Th‐2 type polarization, in some IAD phenotypes.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Couëtil

Cardwell

Gerber

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

349

662

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“…Characterizing the immunological mechanisms involved in IAD would allow both a more precised diagnosis and the development of appropriate therapeutic options in the future. Several studies have investigated cytokine mRNA expression in BALF of horses with IAD, with variable results in terms of T‐helper (Th) lymphocyte polarization. Cytokine mRNA profiles in BALF appear to vary according to the cell types characterizing IAD, particularly neutrophils and metachromatic (mast) cells .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytokine mRNA profiles in BALF appear to vary according to the cell types characterizing IAD, particularly neutrophils and metachromatic (mast) cells . All previous studies investigating immunological profiles of IAD were, however, performed on a limited number of horses and based only on mRNA expression, which might be subjected to posttranscriptional regulation and then not truly reflect protein concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Concentrations in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Horses with Neutrophilic Inflammatory Airway Disease

Richard

Depecker²,

Defontis

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundMultiple cytological patterns occur in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of horses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD). Only few data on BALF cytokine profiles are available for horses with IAD, and are limited to mRNA expression.Hypothesis/ObjectiveCytological profiles of IAD are associated with different BALF immunological pathways. To investigate BALF cytokine concentrations in a large number of horses with neutrophilic IAD.AnimalsOne hundred and thirty‐eight client‐owned Standardbred racehorses in active training.MethodsProspective observational study. BALF samples were obtained from left and right lungs. Interleukin (IL)‐4, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α concentrations were determined by ELISA.ResultsFourteen horses had normal BALF cytological profiles and 56 exhibited evidence of bilateral neutrophilic IAD. Twenty‐four horses showed BALF with, respectively, IAD‐ and CTL consistent cytology and were excluded; as were 44 horses because of evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. TNF‐α (56 ± 115 pg/mL; P = .034) and IFN‐γ concentrations (104 ± 247 pg/mL; P = .044) were significantly higher for IAD horses, compared with controls (respectively 19 ± 41 and 80 ± 116 pg/mL). Horses with ‘neutrophil’ subtype had significantly higher IFN‐γ concentrations (110 ± 154 pg/mL), than ‘neutrophil/metachromatic’ (56 ± 54 pg/mL; P = .028) and ‘neutrophil/metachromatic/eosinophil’ subtypes (44 ± 23 pg/mL; P = .012).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCytokine concentrations in BALF suggested that neutrophilic IAD is associated with activation of the innate immune system and a possible T‐helper (Th)‐1 polarized response. This study also suggested that immunological pathways vary according to cytological IAD subtypes.

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Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Cytokine Concentrations in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Horses with Neutrophilic Inflammatory Airway Disease

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