Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH
from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Campos, Adriana de; Murta, Eddie Fernando Cândido; Michelin, Márcia Antoniazi; Reis, Cleômenes

doi:10.5402/2012/342075

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In a study by Clarke et al [ 13 ], they investigated the relationship between vaginal pH and the risk of HPV infection and HPV-related cytological abnormalities in cervical specimens. In accordance with other studies [ 14 ], a signifi cant relationship was found between elevated vaginal pH and the risk of HPV infection, which was particularly pronounced in premenopausal women (<25 and 25-34 years). Elevated vaginal pH was also associated with a 30 % greater risk of infection with multiple HPV types and with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, predominantly in women younger than 35 and older than 65 years of age.…”

Section: Cin and Cervical Cancersupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Filaggrin, Human Papillomavirus, and the Cervix

et al. 2014

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Section: Cin and Cervical Cancersupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The vaginal and cervical mucosa provides the fi rst line of physical and immunological defense against sexually transmitted pathogens [ 14 ]. The cervical mucosa is covered with stratifi ed squamous epithelium adherent to the vagina (exocervix) and with columnar epithelium adherent to corpus uteri (endocervix).…”

Section: The Cervical Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Filaggrin, Human Papillomavirus, and the Cervix

et al. 2014

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“…The difference seen between the pretreatment levels of these cytokines in patients versus controls might be related to the long-standing attempt of the immune system at combating the existing widespread warts. Campos et al [36] measured IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-g in endocervical secretions of women with HPV. These cytokine levels were higher in patients with HPV than in healthy controls, which signifies Th1 immunologic response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interferon-γ in patients with multiple warts treated with intralesional tuberculin injection

El-Samahy¹,

El-Shennawy²,

Labib³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society

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BackgroundPrevious studies have shown favorable results for immunotherapies in the treatment of warts. However, the exact mechanism of action of injectable antigens is still unclear. It has been proposed that injectable antigens elicit a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction leading to T-helper 1 (Th1) activation with cytokine release. Objective To evaluate the levels of Th1 cytokines -interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-g (IFN-g) -in responders and nonresponders to immunotherapy using 'protein purified derivative (PPD) tuberculin' as antigen. Patients and methods Fifty-two patients were recruited into this case-control study. Tuberculin test was performed and only patients with positive test results were included. In the 25 patients who completed the study, PPD tuberculin was injected intralesionally on weeks 0, 3, and 6. Serum IL-12 and IFN-g were measured at weeks 0 and 9 using ELISA and levels were compared with healthy controls. Cytokine levels were compared in responders and nonresponders. ResultsAmong the 25 patients, 14 (56%) were considered responders, whereas 11 (44%) were considered nonresponders. The pretreatment levels of IL-12 and IFN-g were higher in patients than in controls. However, there was no significant difference in their levels after treatment, nor between responders and nonresponders. Conclusion Serum IL-12 and IFN-g levels were higher in patients with multiple warts than in controls and were not increased after PPD tuberculin injection. It is supposed that these cytokines reached their maximum level. Also, IFN-g receptor deficiency may be the cause of treatment resistance with elevated cytokines.

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“…T he healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus species that produce lactic acid (1)(2)(3)(4), which is inhibitory toward potentially pathogenic organisms (5)(6)(7). During bacterial vaginosis (BV), Lactobacillus dominance is lost, vaginal pH increases, and the community comprising the vaginal microbiome becomes more diverse (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Bacterial taxa associated with this dysbiotic state interact to form a dense polymicrobial biofilm on the surface of the vaginal epithelium and ultimately elicit localized damage that contributes to reduced barrier integrity (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium

et al. 2019

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Studies have implicated Gardnerella vaginalis as an important etiological agent in bacterial vaginosis (BV). It produces a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, vaginolysin (VLY). In this study, we sought to characterize the interaction between vaginal epithelium, G. vaginalis, and VLY using EpiVaginal tissues from MatTek. These tissues are three-dimensional and have distinct apical and basolateral sides, enabling comparison of the effects of G. vaginalis and VLY following exposure to either side. We measured cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and bacterial growth, following apical versus basolateral exposure. G. vaginalis exhibited more-rapid growth in coculture with the tissue model when it was exposed to the apical side. VLY permeabilized cells on the basolateral side of the tissues but failed to permeabilize apical epithelial cells. Cytokine secretion in response to VLY and G. vaginalis also depended on the polarity of exposure. VLY did not cause significant changes in cytokine levels when exposed apically. Apical tissue challenge by G. vaginalis appeared to dampen the inflammatory response, as decreases in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (6.6-fold), , and interferon gamma inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10) (53-fold) and an increase in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (5-fold) were observed. In vivo, G. vaginalis normally colonizes the apical face of the vaginal epithelium. Results from this study suggest that while G. vaginalis may grow on the apical face of the vaginal epithelium, its VLY toxin does not target these cells in this model. This phenomenon could have important implications regarding colonization of the vagina by G. vaginalis and may suggest an explanation for the lack of an overt immune response to this organism.Citation Garcia EM, Kraskauskiene V, Koblinski JE, Jefferson KK. 2019. Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and vaginolysin with the apical versus basolateral face of a three-dimensional model of vaginal epithelium. Infect Immun 87:e00646-18.

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Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Filaggrin, Human Papillomavirus, and the Cervix

Filaggrin, Human Papillomavirus, and the Cervix

Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interferon-γ in patients with multiple warts treated with intralesional tuberculin injection

Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium

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