Evaluation of cytotoxic, apoptotic effects and phenolic compounds of sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1791) extracts

Alper, Mehlika; Güneş, Melek

doi:10.3906/vet-1909-80

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It was found that sea cucumber, mainly S. chloronotus , extracts prepared with organic solvents inhibited the growth of A549 (human non-small lung carcinoma) and C33A (human cervical cancer) cancer cells. Similarly, Alper and Günes [ 33 ] prepared aqueous and methanolic extracts of phenolics from Holothuria tubulosa in order to evaluate their cytotoxic effects. They suggested that phenolic extracts which were rich in epicatechin and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid might inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in A549 (human non-small lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma) cells.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Sea Cucumbers and Their Antioxidant A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, chlorogenic acid was the major component (~90%) in the body wall of Holothuria arenicola , whereas pyrogallol, rutin, and coumaric acid were also identified from this species [ 32 ]. On the other hand, Alper and Günes [ 33 ] prepared aqueous and methanolic extracts from Holothuria tubulosa , and HPLC analysis found epicatechin and 2.5 dihydroxybenzoic acid as the most abundant components, among others. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were identified from the methanol extract of Holothuria scabra , which demonstrated strong antioxidant activity [ 22 ].…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Sea Cucumbers and Their Antioxidant A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Potential of Sea Cucumbers and Their Beneficial Effects on Human Health

2022

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Sea cucumbers are considered a luxury food item and used locally in traditional medication due to their impressive nutritional profile and curative effects. Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, namely phenolics, polysaccharides, proteins (collagen and peptides), carotenoids, and saponins, demonstrating strong antioxidant and other activities. In particular, phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, are abundant in this marine invertebrate and exhibit antioxidant activity. Protein hydrolysates and peptides obtained from sea cucumbers exhibit antioxidant potential, mainly dependent on the amino acid compositions and sequences as well as molecular weight, displayed for those of ≤20 kDa. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber polysaccharides, including fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and fucan, is a combination of numerous factors and is mostly associated with molecular weight, degree of sulfation, and type of major sugars. However, the activity of these bioactive compounds typically depends on the sea cucumber species, harvesting location, food habit, body part, and processing methods employed. This review summarizes the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds obtained from sea cucumbers and their by-products for the first time. The mechanism of actions, chemical structures, and factors affecting the antioxidant activity are also discussed, along with the associated health benefits.

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Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Sea Cucumbers and Their Antioxidant A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Sea Cucumbers and Their Antioxidant A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Potential of Sea Cucumbers and Their Beneficial Effects on Human Health

2022

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“…The presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and cinnamic acid has previously been reported in sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa). 47 Similarly, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, and caffeic acid gave deprotonated ions in their respective MS spectra at m/z 153, 163, 167, 169, and 179, respectively. For example, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid gave a product ion at 109 and 119, respectively, in MS 2 due to the loss of a carboxyl moiety [M − H − CO 2 ] − , whereas vanillic acid demonstrated MS 2 fragmentation ions at m/z 105, 108, 121, and 123, where 123 corresponded to [M − H − CO 2 ] − .…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…14 The presence of vanillic, gallic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids has previously been documented in different species of sea cucumber (H. tubulosa and Holothuria forskali). 47,48 Syringic acid [M − H] − at m/z 197 showed MS 2 fragmentation ions at m/z 109, 123, 153, 163, and 179, where 153 corresponded to the loss of carboxyl group. 49 Sinapic acid was discovered with an observed [M − H] − m/z at 223, where the MS 2 spectrum was 175, 179 (loss of carboxyl moiety), and 208, matching the characteristics of sinapic acid.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on Phenolics of North Atlantic Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa)

Hossain

Dave

Shahidi

2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Sea cucumber contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, including phenolics. This study investigated the free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolics of sea cucumber body wall as affected by high-pressure processing (HPP) pretreatment. Sea cucumber body wall was subjected to HPP (200, 400, and 600 MPa for 5, 10, and 15 min), followed by the extraction of phenolics. The contents of total phenolics and antioxidant activity were monitored. Compared to untreated samples, those treated with HPP exhibited significantly higher total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities. Treatment of 600 MPa for 10 min offered the optimal results. The highest amount of phenolics was observed in the free phenolic fraction, followed by esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions. Moreover, phenolic extracts showed inhibitory effects against cupric ion-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol oxidation, peroxyl and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA scission, α-glucosidase activity, and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a quadrupole time of fight and mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) identified 20 phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, from the body wall of this species for the first time. Thus, sea cucumber may lead to the production of a multitude of value-added products.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, 11 components were identified for the first time in any species of sea cumber. For example, Alper and Günes [ 43 ] identified epicatechin, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, rutin, naringin, and quercetin from the dried body wall of Holothuria tubulosa , and the most abundant component was epicatechin (790.091 µg/g). Moreover, Telahigue et al [ 44 ] identified quinic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid from dried Holothuria forskali , and among them, quinic acid was abundant in the digestive tract, gonad, and respiratory tree.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Processing Discards as Affected by High-Pressure Processing (HPP)

et al. 2022

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Sea cucumber processing discards, which include mainly internal organs, represent up to 50% of the sea cucumber biomass, and are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics. This work aimed to extract free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolics from the internal organs of the Atlantic sea cucumber (C. frondosa) using high-pressure processing (HPP) pre-treatment. The sea cucumber internal organs were subjected to HPP (6000 bar for 10 min), followed by the extraction and characterization of phenolics. Samples were evaluated for their total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as several in vitro methods of antioxidant activities, namely, free radical scavenging and metal chelation activities. Moreover, anti-tyrosinase and antiglycation properties, as well as inhibitory activities against LDL cholesterol oxidation and DNA damage, were examined. The results demonstrated that HPP pre-treatment had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolics, antioxidant properties, and other bioactivities. The phenolics in sea cucumber internal organs existed mainly in the free form, followed by the insoluble-bound and esterified fractions. Additionally, UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified and quantified 23 phenolic compounds from HPP-treated samples, mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids. Hence, this investigation provides fundamental information that helps to design the full utilization of the Atlantic sea cucumber species and the production of a multitude of value-added products.

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Evaluation of cytotoxic, apoptotic effects and phenolic compounds of sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1791) extracts

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Antioxidant Potential of Sea Cucumbers and Their Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Antioxidant Potential of Sea Cucumbers and Their Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Effect of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on Phenolics of North Atlantic Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa)

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Processing Discards as Affected by High-Pressure Processing (HPP)

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