Evaluation of darkfield and immunofluorescent techniques for demonstrating Treponema pallidum in fluids with small numbers of organisms.

The in vitro cultivation of Treponema pallidum. Corroborative studies.

“…It may be that their technique for enumerating T. pallidum was so inadequate that they and our staff visitor to their laboratory were misled by their findings. In our opinion, their method was not described correctly by citing the paper by Chandler and Cannefax (1969). Multiplication times for T. pallidum derived from some of the enumeration data (Jones et al, 1976) are much shorter than those that we and others (Magnuson et al, 1948) have observed.…”

“…The carbon dioxide concentration in the gas phase was maintained at between 6 % and 8 %. Our method of enumerating treponemes was different from that of Jones et al (1976), which in turn was not properly described by citing the paper by Chandler and Cannefax (1969). We used a modification of the Morgan-Vryonis' method for enumerating treponemes (Artley and Clark, 1969).…”

The wandering treponeme. A possible source of error in fluorescent antibody staining of spiral forms in body fluids.

“…According to the calculations of Chandler and Cannefax (1969), approximately 75 per cent. of stained treponemal antigen washes off the smear during the direct staining procedure.…”

“…More recently, Chandler and Cannefax (1969) have reported that nearly 75 per cent. oftreponemes present on antigen slides may be lost during the direct FA procedure.…”

Growth and subculture of pathogenic T. pallidum (Nichols strain) in BHK-21 cultured tissue cells.

“…The testicular material was then swirled in fresh tissue culture medium-i (TCM-1) (see Table I) for 30 to 60 min. and the number of cells determined by the method of Chandler and Cannefax (1969). This method of counting was used throughout the study.…”