Cancer quality registers are attracting increasing attention as metrics for quality assurance and improvement. Comprehensive, high-quality data in nationwide population-based registers are also an ideal basis for observational studies. Here we describe the organization of the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden as well as some examples of reports and results from analyses based on NPCR and other health-care registers. Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden a major impact on clinical practice in Sweden. For example, the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register initiated in 1979, a procedure-specific register, has had a strong impact on the quality and long-term outcomes following hip implant surgery [2]. The revision rate of hip implants in Sweden, which is the lowest in the world, is attributed to the systematic feedback on the failure rate of different implants. Another example of a successful use of a quality register is the register-based randomized clinical trial, i. e., a trial in conjunction with a register in which outcome is assessed by use of data in a register. This study design has been successfully pioneered in the cardiovascular field [3]. In comparison with the procedure-specific hip register and registers of myocardial events in which the time to many crucial events is short, selecting appropriate quality indicators for prostate cancer care that can be assessed shortly after diagnosis and treatment is more challenging since disease progression and death from prostate cancer mostly occur many years after diagnosis.
KeywordsCancer quality registers, aka clinical cancer registers, have been developed in some countries. These registers collect data that are intended to be used as metrics for quality assurance and quality improvement [4]. To meet these goals, data collection needs to be complete and data must be rapidly collated and reported back to each department. Furthermore, relevant quality indicators of care must be selected, and these should then be reported in a user-friendly format. Quality indicators are ideally selected from national and international evidence-based guidelines, for which the medical profession has reached a consensus.In addition to serving as metrics for clinical quality assurance, quality improvement and benchmarking between different health-care providers, comprehensive data on cancer characteristics and cancer treatment collected in clinical cancer registers are an ideal basis for observational studies.