Evaluation of Diabetes Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Mixture of Luteolin and Diosmin on Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Mice

Abstract

The absence of a treatment efficient in the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires more functional products to assist treatment. Luteolin (LU) and diosmin (DIO) have been known as bioactive molecules with potential for the treatment of diabetes. This work aimed to establish the role that a combination of LU and DIO in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) played in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes mice. Green synthesis of Se NPs was performed by mixing luteolin and diosmin with the solution of Na2SeO3 under continuous stirring conditions resulting in the flavonoids conjugated with SeNPs. The existence of flavonoids on the surface of SeNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and DLS graphs via Zetasizer. The average diameter of GA/LU/DIO-SeNPs was 47.84 nm with a PDI of −0.208, a zeta potential value of −17.6, a Se content of 21.5% with an encapsulation efficiency of flavonoids of 86.1%, and can be stabilized by gum Arabic for approximately 175 days without any aggregation and precipitation observed at this time. Furthermore, The C57BL/6 mice were treated with STZ induced-diabetes and were exposed to LU/DIO, SeNPs, and GA/LU/DIO-SeNPs for six weeks. The treatment by nanospheres (GA/LU/DIO-SeNPs) in the mice with diabetes for a period of 6 weeks restored their blood glucose, lipid profile, glycogen, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin levels. At the same time, there were significant changes in body weight, food intake, and water intake compared with the STZ- untreated induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the GA/LU/DIO-SeNPs showed good antioxidant activity examined by catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and kidney and can prevent the damage in the liver evaluated by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The nanospheres exhibited a significant anti-diabetic activity with a synergistic effect between the selenium and flavonoids. This investigation provides novel SeNPs nanospheres prepared by a high-efficiency strategy for incorporating luteolin and diosmin to improve the efficiency in type 2 diabetes.

pH responsive fabrication of PVA-stabilized selenium nano formulation encapsulated with luteolin to reduce diabetic ureteral injury by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome via Nrf2/ARE signaling

“…The Zeta potential of the LT-SeNPs was found to be −18 mV from Fig. 2 D which was the similar results obtained when LT loaded to the SeNPs where, the zeta potential provides the information about the stability of the nanoparticles where the negative values show low aggregation which enhances the stability of the nanoparticle formed [ 46 ]. The zeta potential of the zein nanoparticles was found to be −11.11 mV was observed from Fig.…”

Evaluation of Vitamin D3-Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on White Blood Cells, Liver, and Kidney Functions in Induced Immunosuppressed Rats

“…It also agreed with the results of [20] who found that cyclosporine caused a significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes in blood samples of 54 Iraqi patients. The results agreed with the findings of [21], [22] and [23] that treatment with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) caused a decrease in the values of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes in infected male laboratory rats, which is an indication of inhibition of inflammation and protection of the liver in Infected mice [23] stated that Se-NPs improve STZ dysfunction through its radical scavenging activity, besides its safety and liver tissue function resulting from the role of Se-NPs in treating liver dysfunction and thus lowering the levels of high values of the enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. Table 2.…”

Selenium Species in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

“…The antidiabetic properties of SeNPs in treating diabetes and their role in T2DM were only evaluated in animal studies. SeNPs act as hypoglycemic agents by reducing oxidative stress, protecting the integrity of the β cells and enhancing insulin secretion, and blood sugar regulation [ 68 – 70 , 72 ]. This new form of Se supplementation exhibits higher bioavailability and slow release, thus lowering the risk of its excess [ 24 ].…”

“…SeNPs combined with MET regulated the molecular markers of oxidant stress and tissue damage to greater excess than either SeNPs or MET alone. Other studies also indicated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of SeNPs of different sizes and administered in different doses [ 68 – 73 ]. Figure 2 shows the effect of SeNPs treatment on the plasma glucose and plasma insulin levels as well as oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, glutathione) of the control and tested diabetic rats [ 70 ].…”