Evaluation of Diagnostic Coelioscopy Including Liver and Kidney Biopsy in Freshwater Turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Divers, Stephen J.; Stahl, Scott J.; Camus, Alvin C.

doi:10.1638/2010-0080.1

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As are many giant tortoises, this patient was too large to fit in available CT or MRI equipment. Endoscopy represents an alternative methodology for visualization of lesions in tortoises (26). Pulmonary fungal disease is not uncommon in Galapagos tortoises (1,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Member of the Nannizziopsiaceae in a Pulmonary Granuloma From a Galapagos Tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra)

et al. 2020

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Nannizziopsiaceae is a family of fungal organisms within the order Onygenales containing two genera of important reptile pathogens, Nannizziopsis and Paranannizziopsis. A captive Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) from Boca Raton, Florida, United States, was presented for a clinical history of chronic progressive lethargy and inappetence. At initial presentation, the tortoise had a moderate non-regenerative anemia, leukocytosis, whip-like heterophil projections, erythrocyte fragmentation, and fibrin strands, with the latter two raising concern for disseminated intravascular coagulation. A single large encapsulated pulmonary granuloma was identified through imaging, including plain film radiography and bronchoscopy. Direct intralesional samples were obtained from transcarapacial celioscopy for fungal culture, cytology, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction. Amplification and sequencing of the ITS2 region of the rRNA genes with Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses placed the fungus in the family Nannizziopsiaceae within the order Onygenales, representing a novel fungal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Member of the Nannizziopsiaceae in a Pulmonary Granuloma From a Galapagos Tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra)

et al. 2020

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“…Once relaxed and nonresponsive (no withdrawal reflexes), an uncuffed endotracheal tube was placed into the trachea and anesthesia was maintained and controlled using isoflurane (Isoflo, Abbott Animal Health) in 100% oxygen delivered by manual intermittent positive-pressure ventilation at a rate that matched the resting respiratory rate for that individual. to an endovideo camera, monitor, xenon light source, and CO 2 insufflation at 0.5 L/min and 3-5 mmHg (Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy Inc., Goleta, CA) (Divers et al, 2010). Once insufflation was sufficient, the coelom, and specifically the caudodorsal region, was explored to determine the reproductive status of the animal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Reproductive Assessment of a Free-Ranging Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Population Following Translocation

Hernández

Tuberville

Frank

et al. 2010

Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery

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In 2004, a subset of a translocated population of gopher tortoises (n = 14; Gopherus polyphemu s) were captured to determine the overall health of individuals and to investigate the prevalence of selected pathogens. Additionally, ultrasonography and endoscopic visualization of the reproductive tract were compared as methodologies to accurately determine sex and reproductive status. Tortoises were premedicated with butorphanol and induced with propofol. The hematology and biochemical profile values obtained were within the reference ranges previously reported for gopher tortoises. Tortoises were parasitized with Alaeuris spp. of pinworms and trichostrongyles. Ten of the tortoises (71%) were also parasitized by hemogregarines. None of the animals had clinical signs indicative of acute upper respiratory disease (URTD); however, six animals had signs consistent with previous upper respiratory infections. One tortoise had an antibody titer against Mycoplasma agassizii, considered to be positive, while an additional five animals had antibody titers considered to be "suspect." We failed to detect Mycoplasma sp., Salmonella sp., or Chlamydophila sp. DNA from any of the animals. In general, morphometric characteristics reliably predicted the correct sex in the majority of animals that were >15 yr of age. When compared to endoscopy, ultrasound examination of the gonads was accurate for sex determination in 57% of the tortoises examined and was 86% accurate in animals >15 yr of age. Ultimately, endoscopy provided the most accurate method for determining sex in chelonians, particularly in juveniles or during nonreproductive seasons.

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Section: Endoscopy _________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Visualization of the GI tract, liver, and pancreas was possible using a 2.7 mm rigid endoscope. 29 Liver biopsies collected using 1.7-mm (5 Fr) biopsy forceps were suitable for histopathological evaluation, despite the presence of crush artifacts. 29 Coelioscopy and liver biopsy collection in green iguanas using the 2.7-mm endoscopy system was feasible, safe, and resulted in acceptable hepatic tissue samples suitable for histopathological evaluation.…”

Section: Endoscopy _________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Liver biopsies collected using 1.7-mm (5 Fr) biopsy forceps were suitable for histopathological evaluation, despite the presence of crush artifacts. 29 Coelioscopy and liver biopsy collection in green iguanas using the 2.7-mm endoscopy system was feasible, safe, and resulted in acceptable hepatic tissue samples suitable for histopathological evaluation. 30 In juvenile chelonians, a yolk sac remnant may be present and should not be confused with an abnormal disease process or organ (Fig.…”

Section: Endoscopy _________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical Update on Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Digestive System of Reptiles

Mans

2013

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Coelioscopy Including Liver and Kidney Biopsy in Freshwater Turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical Manifestation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Member of the Nannizziopsiaceae in a Pulmonary Granuloma From a Galapagos Tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra)

Clinical Manifestation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Member of the Nannizziopsiaceae in a Pulmonary Granuloma From a Galapagos Tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra)

Health and Reproductive Assessment of a Free-Ranging Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Population Following Translocation

Clinical Update on Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Digestive System of Reptiles

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