Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

Mosquera, María Mar; Ory, Fernando de; Gallardo, Virtudes; Cuenca, Loreto; Morales, Mercedes González; Sánchez-Yedra, Waldo; Cabezas, Teresa; Hernández, Juan Manuel Herrera; Echevarrı́a, Juan E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.10.5117-5121.2005

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this outbreak, 87% of cases were laboratory confirmed, similar to the 96% rate for the outbreak in Andalusia [38,42] and the 88% rate for the outbreak in Madrid [15] but much higher than the proportion found in other countries. In the United States, Parker et al [30] found that 41% of cases were confirmed, and Ehresmann et al [31] reported that 64% of cases were confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Large Outbreak of Measles in a Community with High Vaccination Coverage: Implications for the Vaccination Schedule

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Large Outbreak of Measles in a Community with High Vaccination Coverage: Implications for the Vaccination Schedule

et al. 2008

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“…These methods were effective in the case of the primary infection causing typical measles illness. However, in the case of modified or subclinical measles, the detection rate of serum IgM antibodies was reported to be extremely low and the genomic detection by RT-PCR should be examined [Mosquera et al, 2005]. In this report, serum IgM antibody against measles virus was initially examined in several patients, but it was negative because all patients visited the clinics within day 1 or 2 after rash onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Modified adult measles in outbreaks in Japan, 2007–2008

Nagai¹,

Xin

Yoshida

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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Different genotypes of C1, D3, D5, and H1 were isolated in outbreaks of 1984, 1987-1988, 1991-1993, and 2001, respectively, when the previous circulating genotype was replaced successively by a new genotype, through molecular studies of measles since 1984 in Japan. In March 2007, several patients with measles were observed in outpatient clinics, who were all young adolescents in high school and university students. The outbreak expanded subsequently throughout Japanese districts in May and is still ongoing in 2008. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was used to detect the measles genome from 18 clinical samples obtained from patients suspected of modified measles infection with a very mild febrile illness. The measles genome was detected in nine patients by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in 12 patients by RT-LAMP. Six measles strains were isolated in the 2007-2008 outbreak and identified as the D5 genotype (MVi/Bangkok.THA/93 type) different from the D5 sub-cluster (MVi/Palau.BLA/93 type) isolated in 1990-2005. Similar Bangkok type D5 strains were isolated in Phnom Penh in 2002 and in Taiwan in 2003, suggesting that the D5 strains might have been introduced via South East Asia, rather than resulting from the accumulation of mutations in the D5 strains of 1990-2005. One D9 strain was isolated from a sporadic case in Aichi in 2006. There was no difference in the antigenicity of the D9 and D5 strains in comparison with the vaccine strain. Infrastructure of systematic laboratory-based surveillance system should be established in order to confirm measles virus infection in Japan.

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“…This genotype was endemic on the Indian subcontinent, as well as in East and South Africa [25,29]. Genotype D4 has been repeatedly identified in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region [30], as well as in outbreaks and sporadic cases in several European countries, including Germany, Turkey, Spain, Great Britain, Croatia and Russia [17,31,32]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Italy, 2002–2007

Magurano

Fortuna

Marchi

et al. 2012

Virol J

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BackgroundThe European Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO/Europe) developed a strategic approach to halt the indigenous transmission of measles in its 53 Member States by 2015. In view of the goal of measles elimination, it is of great importance to assess the circulation of wild-type measles virus (MV). Genetic analysis is indispensable to understand the epidemiology of measles.MethodsUrine and saliva samples were collected between May 2002 and December 2007, in order to find the origins and routes of wild type measles virus circulation. RT-PCR was performed on a total of 414 clinical samples of patients from different Italian regions. The results confirmed the genome presence in 199 samples, out of which 179 were sequenced. The sequences were genotyped by comparing the fragment coding for the carboxyl terminus of the nucleoprotein (450 nucleotides) with that one of the WHO reference strains.ResultsFrom the year 2002 to the year 2007 phylogenetic analysis of measles sequences showed a predominant circulation of the D7 genotype in the Italian territory for the years 2002–2004. This genotype was replaced by D4 and B3 genotypes in the biennium 2006–2007. During the same period C2, A, D5 and D8 genotypes were also detected.ConclusionsGenetic characterization of wild-type MV provides a means to study the transmission pathways of the virus, and is an essential component of laboratory-based surveillance. Knowledge of currently circulating measles virus genotype in Italy will help in monitoring the success of the measles elimination programme and will contribute to evaluate the effectiveness of future vaccination campaigns.

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Large Outbreak of Measles in a Community with High Vaccination Coverage: Implications for the Vaccination Schedule

Large Outbreak of Measles in a Community with High Vaccination Coverage: Implications for the Vaccination Schedule

Modified adult measles in outbreaks in Japan, 2007–2008

Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Italy, 2002–2007

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