Evaluation of diesel fleet emissions and control policies from plume chasing measurements of on-road vehicles

Lau, Chui Fong; Rakowska, Agata; Townsend, Thomas; Brimblecombe, Peter; Chan, Tat Leung; Yam, Yat Shing; Močnik, Griša; Ning, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.048

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…7). This finding was supported by the Hong Kong emission inventory, which indicated that the NO x emission decreased from 1997 to 2014 in Hong Kong (HKEPD, 2016), and studies conducted by Tian et al (2011) and Lau et al (2015), who found an increasing trend of primary NO 2 emission in Hong Kong due to several diesel retrofit programmes in the period 1998-2008. Apart from the regional and local impact on O 3 trends, the impact of variations of baseline O 3 was also considered. Oltmans et al (2013) reported that O 3 at mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was flat or declining during the period 1996-2010 and the limited data in the subtropical Pacific suggested very little change during the same period.…”

Section: Long-term Trends Of Locally Produced O 3 and Regional Contrisupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The reduction of NO titration was also confirmed by the increasing NO 2 / NO x ratio at a roadside site (Mong Kok) in Hong Kong. The NO 2 / NO x emission ratio is a parameter that can be used to examine the variation of NO titration (Carslaw, 2005;Yao et al, 2005;Dallmann et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2011;Ning et al, 2012;Lau et al, 2015). Generally, higher ratios of NO 2 / NO x mean a lower potential of O 3 titration by NO, resulting in higher O 3 .…”

Section: Long-term Trends Of Locally Produced O 3 and Regional Contrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Over the past 10 years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), ground-level O 3 in Hong Kong has consistently increased in all seasons except winter, despite the yearly reduction of its precursors, i.e. nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). To explain the contradictory phenomena, an observation-based box model (OBM) coupled with CB05 mechanism was applied in order to understand the influence of both locally produced O 3 and regional transport. The simulation of locally produced O 3 showed an increasing trend in spring, a decreasing trend in autumn, and no changes in summer and winter. The O 3 increase in spring was caused by the net effect of more rapid decrease in NO titration and unchanged TVOC reactivity despite decreased TVOC mixing ratios, while the decreased local O 3 formation in autumn was mainly due to the reduction of aromatic VOC mixing ratios and the TVOC reactivity and much slower decrease in NO titration. However, the decreased in situ O 3 formation in autumn was overridden by the regional contribution, resulting in elevated O 3 observations. Furthermore, the OBM-derived relative incremental reactivity indicated that the O 3 formation was VOClimited in all seasons, and that the long-term O 3 formation was more sensitive to VOCs and less to NO x and CO in the past 10 years. In addition, the OBM results found that the contributions of aromatics to O 3 formation decreased in all seasons of these years, particularly in autumn, probably due to the effective control of solvent-related sources. In contrast, the contributions of alkenes increased, suggesting a continuing need to reduce traffic emissions. The findings provide updated information on photochemical pollution and its impact in Hong Kong.

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Section: Long-term Trends Of Locally Produced O 3 and Regional Contrisupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Long-term Trends Of Locally Produced O 3 and Regional Contrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

et al. 2017

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“…BC and OC were measured using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) developed by ARI (Onasch et al, 2012). The application of the SP-AMS for the characterization of real-world vehicle emissions has been described in detail by Dallmann et al (2014).…”

Section: Ari Mobile Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many of these studies, results are obtained using dynamometers to achieve preestablished engine loads, standardized driving cycles, and controlled sampling conditions (e.g., Zhen et al, 2009;Cadle et al, 2009;Khalek et al, 2015). Recent technological advancements have allowed for the direct measurement of BC emissions from diesel-powered vehicles under real-world driving conditions using mobile laboratories (e.g., Thornhill et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Lau et al, 2015;Ježek et al, 2015) and tunnel studies (e.g., Geller et al, 2005;Brimblecombe et al, 2015). Cross-road remote sensing studies and measurements obtained with an onboard portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) have also been used to characterize NO x , CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and other gaseous emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (e.g., Burgard et al, 2006;Frey at al., 2008;He et al, 2010;Carslaw and Rhys-Thyler, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects may not be properly captured under controlled tests (Ropkins et al, 2009). There have been some efforts to incorporate emissions and activity data obtained with PEMS into dynamometer-based tests to improve the representation of real-world driving conditions for heavy-duty diesel trucks, but there are still substantial challenges for standardizing the certification and compliance testing procedures (e.g., Zhen et al, 2009;Giechaskiel et al, 2016;Maricq et al, 2016). As mobile emission inventories should aim to accurately represent real-world driving conditions, there is a continuing need to better characterize on-road emission factors using realworld sampling techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Emission factors of black carbon and co-pollutants from diesel vehicles in Mexico City

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Diesel-powered vehicles are intensively used in urban areas for transporting goods and people but can substantially contribute to high emissions of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and other gaseous pollutants. Strategies aimed at controlling mobile emissions sources thus have the potential to improve air quality and help mitigate the impacts of air pollutants on climate, ecosystems, and human health. However, in developing countries there are limited data on the BC and OC emission characteristics of diesel-powered vehicles, and thus there are large uncertainties in the estimation of the emission contributions from these sources. We measured BC, OC, and other inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM), as well as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ethane, acetylene, benzene, toluene, and C2-benzenes under real-world driving conditions for 20 diesel-powered vehicles encompassing multiple emission level technologies in Mexico City with the chasing technique using the Aerodyne mobile laboratory. Average BC emission factors ranged from 0.41-2.48 g kg −1 of fuel depending on vehicle type. The vehicles were also simultaneously measured using the cross-road remote sensing technique to obtain the emission factors of nitrogen oxide (NO), CO, total hydrocarbons, and fine PM, thus allowing for the intercomparison of the results from the two techniques. There is overall good agreement between the two techniques and both can identify high and low emitters, but substantial differences were found in some of the vehicles, probably due to the ability of the chasing technique to capture a larger diversity of driving conditions in comparison to the remote sensing technique. A comparison of the results with the US EPA MOVES2014b model showed that the model underestimates CO, OC, and selected VOC species, whereas there is better agreement for NO x and BC. Larger OC / BC ratios were found in comparison to ratios measured in California using the same technique, further demonstrating the need for using locally obtained diesel-powered vehicle emission factor database in developing countries in order to reduce the uncertainty in the emissions estimates and to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of emissions reduction measures.

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Potential of diesel emissions reduction strategies in Xi’an, China

Qiu

Hao

et al. 2016

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Evaluation of diesel fleet emissions and control policies from plume chasing measurements of on-road vehicles

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

Emission factors of black carbon and co-pollutants from diesel vehicles in Mexico City

Potential of diesel emissions reduction strategies in Xi’an, China

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Evaluation of diesel fleet emissions and control policies from plume chasing measurements of on-road vehicles

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Long-term O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

Long-term O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

Emission factors of black carbon and co-pollutants from diesel vehicles in Mexico City

Potential of diesel emissions reduction strategies in Xi’an, China

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Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation