Evaluation of different dietary electrolyte balance in weanling pigs diets

Lei, Xin Jian; Chung, Jing Young; Park, Jae Hong; Kim, In Ho

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.014

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In agreement with the present study, Lei et al (2017) reported that weanling pigs (initially 8 kg BW) fed diets with increasing dEB (0, 83, 166, and 250 mEq/kg) had improved ADG and ADFI. The authors altered dEB with the addition of CaCl 2 or NaHCO 3 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

Jones

Woodworth

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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Increasing dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) has been reported to linearly improve pig growth performance up to approximately 200 to 250 mEq/kg. However, recent data indicate that increasing dietary dEB reduced growth performance of nursery pigs. To attempt to solve this discrepancy, a total of 2,880 weanling pigs (327 × 1,050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; 5.2 kg initial BW) were used to determine the effects of increasing dEB on nursery pig performance. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and gender on arrival. Within block, pens were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. There were 30 pigs per pen (60 pigs per double-sided feeder) and 12 replications (feeder) per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed in two phases. The phase 1 diet was based on corn–soybean meal, contained dried distillers grains with soblubles (DDGS), spray-dried whey, and specialty protein sources, and was fed from days 0 to 8. The phase 2 (days 8 to 21) diets contained corn, soybean meal, and DDGS with reduced amounts of specialty protein sources. Dietary electrolyte balance was determined using the following equation: dEB = [(Na × 434.98) + (K × 255.74) − (Cl × 282.06)] mEq/kg. The dEB of the four phase 1 diets were 84, 137, 190, and 243 mEq/kg, and dEB of the four phase 2 diets were 29, 86, 143, and 199 mEq/kg. After feeding experimental diets for 21 day, a common, commercial corn–soybean meal diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35 and contained a dEB of 257 mEq/kg. During days 0 to 8, increasing dEB increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. From days 8 to 21, increasing dEB improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.022) and ADFI (linear, P = 0.001), resulting in an improvement (quadratic, P = 0.001) in G:F. Overall (days 0 to 21), increasing dEB increased (linear, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and improved (quadratic, P < 0.001) G:F. When a common diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35, there was a linear reduction in ADG and G:F with increasing dietary dEB, but no effect of ADFI. For the overall nursery period (days 0 to 35), increasing dEB from days 0 to 21 increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG and final BW, which was the result of increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) G:F and marginally greater (linear, P = 0.077) ADFI. In conclusion, increasing dietary dEB up to 243 and 199 mEq/kg (in phases 1 and 2, respectively) in nursery diets improved growth performance of weanling pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Another possible explanation includes starting the experimental diets at weaning (the study herein) vs. 21 d after weaning ( Guzmán-Pino et al, 2015 ). Concentrations of Na, K, and Cl were generally lower in the diets used by Guzmán-Pino et al (2015) than by Lei et al (2017) or in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

Jones

Woodworth

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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“…Therefore, NRC (2012) suggested that the optimal dEB for pigs is about 250 mEq/kg. Xin et al (2017) suggested that weaned pigs obtained optimal growth performance when fed diets with dEB in the range of 166 to 250 mEq/kg. Additionally, Jones et al (2019) found that increasing dietary dEB up to 243 and 199 mEq/kg, in phases 1 and 2, respectively, in nursery diets improved growth performance of weanling pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that weaned piglets fed the 250 mEq/kg diet had numerically better growth performance, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. Xin et al (2017) suggested that weanling piglets achieved optimal growth when fed diets with dEB in the 166 to 250 mEq/kg range. NRC (2012) reported that the optimal dEB for pigs is approximately 250 mEq/kg.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets

Deng

Shao

Wang

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Fifty‐six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14‐day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67‐positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67‐positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.

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“…In pig nutrition, dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is not widely used when formulating feed even though the maintenance of this parameter in pigs is crucial for growth (8,9) . Although the dEB is generally quite far from the threshold below which growth is reduced, it can lead to an overload of acid that needs to be eliminated from the body, thereby inducing mineral metabolism disorders (10) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and calcium supply on mineral and acid−base status of piglets fed a diversified diet

et al. 2020

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Dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is known to affect acid−base status and mineral metabolism, but is rarely considered in diet formulation for pigs. Yet, the use of a wide variety of local feedstuffs in Europe contributes to lowering the dEB and increasing the fibre content. Hence, mineral requirements may be modified and skeletal health affected. Therefore, the effects of a lower dEB and a higher dietary Ca level on acid−base balance and mineral status were assessed in young pigs fed a diversified diet. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs were fed a control moderate-dEB diet (C) or a diversified moderate-dEB (D), low-dEB (D-A) or low-dEB supplemented with Ca (D-CA) diet. Growth performance, venous blood gas and chemistry, urine pH, mineral balance and femur characteristics were determined. With an equivalent dEB compared with the C diet, the D diet caused an acidification of the urine and increased the excretion of P as a result of a higher dietary content of S. Low-grade metabolic acidosis occurred in piglets fed the D-A diet with changes at systemic and urine levels. A higher excretion of ammonia and P in urine was observed and some bone characteristics tended to be negatively affected. Ca supplementation partially counteracted the effects of low-grade acidosis. Urine excretion of P and ammonia was alleviated and bone characteristics improved. In conclusion, a higher Ca supply must be considered in more diversified diets to counteract the risk of evolving towards low-grade metabolic acidosis which can negatively affect bone.

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Evaluation of different dietary electrolyte balance in weanling pigs diets

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets

Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and calcium supply on mineral and acid−base status of piglets fed a diversified diet

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