Evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigen preparation

Pawar, Shailesh D.; Murtadak, Vinay B.; Kale, Sandeep D.; Shinde, Prashant V.; Parkhi, Saurabh S.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.05.004

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Literature on the effect of FA on virus binding is contradictory. Studies report that FA inactivation damaged the binding ability of the virus at conditions (incubation time, concentration and temperature) similar to those tested in our work [14,30], while others found little effect of the FA treatment, though using different conditions as per the temperature at which the inactivation process was conducted [7,31]. All FAtreated samples almost completely retained their fusion ability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…A review of the literature suggests that at a concentration of 0.1% BPL is able to completely inactivate the virus if incubation is performed for 6-18 h at temperatures above 18°C (but below 37°C). However, if the same concentration of BPL is used but incubation is executed at 4°C like used in our study, an inactivation period ranging from 72 h to a week is needed for complete loss of infectivity [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, there seem to be strainspecific differences in the sensitivity to FA since some strains were more effectively inactivated than others and for some strains (PR8, H5) inactivation improved with longer exposure times to FA while for other strains this was not the case. A variety of different methods for FA inactivation has been described in the literature [7,23,25,[30][31][32][33]. These methods vary with respect to the exact experimental conditions used, including concentration and incubation time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

Herrera-Rodriguez

Signorazzi

Holtrop

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tThe vast majority of commercially available inactivated influenza vaccines are produced from egg-grown or cell-grown live influenza virus. The first step in the production process is virus inactivation with bpropiolactone (BPL) or formaldehyde (FA). Recommendations for production of inactivated vaccines merely define the maximal concentration for both reagents, leaving the optimization of the process to the manufacturers. We assessed the effect of inactivation with BPL and FA on 5 different influenza virus strains. The properties of the viral formulation, such as successful inactivation, preservation of hemagglutinin (HA) binding ability, fusion capacity and the potential to stimulate a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) reporter cell line were then assessed and compared to the properties of the untreated virus. Inactivation with BPL resulted in undetectable infectivity levels, while FA-treated virus retained very low infectious titers. Hemagglutination and fusion ability were highly affected by those treatments that conferred higher inactivation, with BPL-treated virus binding and fusing at a lower degree compared to FA-inactivated samples. On the other hand, BPL-inactivated virus induced higher levels of activation of TLR7 than FA-inactivated virus. The alterations caused by BPL or FA treatments were virus strain dependent. This data shows that the inactivation procedures should be tailored on the virus strain, and that many other elements beside the concentration of the inactivating agent, such as incubation time and temperature, buffer and virus concentration, have to be defined to achieve a functional product.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

Herrera-Rodriguez

Signorazzi

Holtrop

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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“…The infectious virus titer (50% tissue culture infectious dose, TCID 50 ) of the stock was determined as described below and calculated by employing the Reed and Muench method [55]. For ELISA, the virus was inactivated using beta-propiolactone (β–PL) [56] and purified over 10%-50% sucrose gradient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy between the classical and alternative pathways of complement is essential for conferring effective protection against the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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The pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide thus necessitating the need to understand the host factors that influence its control. Previously, the complement system has been shown to provide protection during the seasonal influenza virus infection, however, the role of individual complement pathways is not yet clear. Here, we have dissected the role of intact complement as well as of its individual activation pathways during the pandemic influenza virus infection using mouse strains deficient in various complement components. We show that the virus infection in C3-/- mice results in increased viral load and 100% mortality, which can be reversed by adoptive transfer of naïve wild-type (WT) splenocytes, purified splenic B cells, or passive transfer of immune sera from WT, but not C3-/- mice. Blocking of C3a and/or C5a receptor signaling in WT mice using receptor antagonists and use of C3aR-/- and C5aR-/- mice showed significant mortality after blocking/ablation of C3aR, with little or no effect after blocking/ablation of C5aR. Intriguingly, deficiency of C4 and FB in mice resulted in only partial mortality (24%-32%) suggesting a necessary cross-talk between the classical/lectin and alternative pathways for providing effective protection. In vitro virus neutralization experiments performed to probe the cross-talk between the various pathways indicated that activation of the classical and alternative pathways in concert, owing to coating of viral surface by antibodies, is needed for its efficient neutralization. Examination of the virus-specific complement-binding antibodies in virus positive subjects showed that their levels vary among individuals. Together these results indicate that cooperation between the classical and alternative pathways not only result in efficient direct neutralization of the pandemic influenza virus, but also lead to the optimum generation of C3a, which when sensed by the immune cells along with the antigen culminates in generation of effective protective immune responses.

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“…Rats were used for production of antisera for the A/green-winged teal/Egypt/871/2016 (H5N8) virus using inactivated vaccine. H5N1-and H5N8-inactivated vaccines were individually prepared using viruses inactivated with 0.1 % formalin [49] and mixed with Montanide ISA 70 VG (Seppic, France) in the ratio 30 viral antigen: 70 adjuvant according to the manufacturer's instructions. Four weeks post vaccination of chickens and rats, and 3 weeks post infection of ferrets, sera were collected from immunized animals and were tested for antibodies against homologous H5N1 and H5N8 antigens using HI [42].…”

Section: Full Genome Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds in Egypt

Kandeil

Kayed

Moatasim

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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A newly emerged H5N8 influenza virus was isolated from green-winged teal in Egypt during December 2016. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of full genomes of Egyptian H5N8 viruses and some virological features. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the Egyptian H5N8 viruses are highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genome of the Egyptian H5N8 viruses was related to recently characterized reassortant H5N8 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated from different Eurasian countries. Multiple peculiar mutations were characterized in the Egyptian H5N8 viruses, which probably permits transmission and virulence of these viruses in mammals. The Egyptian H5N8 viruses preferentially bound to avian-like receptors rather than human-like receptors. Also, the Egyptian H5N8 viruses were fully sensitive to amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitors. Chicken sera raised against commercial inactivated avian influenza-H5 vaccines showed no or very low reactivity with the currently characterized H5N8 viruses in agreement with the genetic dissimilarity. Surveillance of avian influenza in waterfowl provides early warning of specific threats to poultry and human health and hence should be continued.

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Evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigen preparation

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

Synergy between the classical and alternative pathways of complement is essential for conferring effective protection against the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection

Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds in Egypt

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