Evaluation of different probiotic strains for growth performance and immunomodulation in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

Abstract

The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for improving production of aquatic animals by means of improving water quality as well as by nutritional and immune modulation in animals thus, helping in preventing diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate different strains of probiotics viz., a commercial probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii on the growth, microbial load and immunomodulatory performance of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Seven probiotic feeds each containing 5 x 10 9 CFU ml -1 of respective probiotics kg -1 of feed were prepared by top coating on a pellet feed containing 35% protein and duration of the experiment was 75 days. All of the 6 selected strains of probiotics except the commercial one influenced the growth significantly when fed to the shrimp, compared to control group. Specific growth rate (SGR), average daily growth (ADG) and survival rate were observed to be higher in probiotic fed groups. Maximum growth was recorded in S. cerevisiae fed groups (8.05±0.21 g), followed by B. subtilis (7.65±0.21 g), while the control animals showed an average growth of 4.85±0.49 g with percentage improvement in the range of 50-95% when compared to all other treatments. Total heterotrophic count significantly (p<0.05) increased in the rearing water of B. subtilis treated group (8.995± 0.021 x 10 3 cfu ml -1 ) when compared to that of control (5.475± 0.003 X 10 3 cfu ml -1 ) and total vibrio load was greatly reduced in B. subtilis (1.42 ± 0.04 x 10 3 cfu ml -1) and S. cerevisiae (1.47 ± 0.01 x 10 3 cfu ml -1 ) treated water compared to control (4.265 ± 0.06 x 10 3 cfu ml -1). Non-specific immunity in terms of total haemocyte count (THC) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in B. subtilis (12.4±0.8 10 6 cells ml ) treated groups. The probiotic effect was found to be beneficial for better growth and immunomodulation, which was however found to be strain-specific.

Evaluation of Biofloc-Based Probiotic Isolates on Growth Performance and Physiological Responses in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The total Vibrio count was found at reduced levels in CW + IP, BFT, and BFT + IP. The results of the present study are in agreement with the findings of Aguilera-Rivera et al [39] and Sundaram et al [40], who recorded a reduction in the population of Vibrio in the rearing system. Zhao et al [41] also reported that inoculating Bacillus into BFT water resulted in a decrease in the population of total Vibrio.…”

Efficacy of probiotics and biofloc system in maintenance of water quality and growth performance in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Moreover PER values obtained were also gains support from both Feeding, Absorption and Conversion rates of feeds, which showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the present study. Similar kind of observations were also reported with Prawns M. rosenbergii, L. vannamei, P. monodon, fish Clarius gariepinus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus through the incorporation of probiotic bacteria with feeds and Bioflocs incorporation into culture media [50,[66][67][68] . Biofloc addition in the form of selected external Carbon sources facilitates the growth of Heterotrophic bacteria in the Culture Operation, which subsequently provides the supplementary feeding materials, thereby significantly increases the protein content in the Candidate Species of culture.…”

Monoculture and Mixed Culture of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon in Biofloc System: A Comparative Study

“…Furthermore, the feeding, absorption, and conversion rates of feeds all demonstrated a substantial increase (p<0.05) in the current investigation, supporting the PER values that were obtained. By incorporating probiotic bacteria with feeds and Bioflocs into culture medium, similar kinds of observations were also observed with prawns M. rosenbergii, L. vannamei, P. monodon, fish Clarius [49][50][51]. The addition of biofloc, in the form of specific external carbon sources, promotes the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the culture operation, which in turn supplies additional feeding materials and raises the protein content of the Candidate Species of culture to a large degree.…”