Evaluation of drinking and irrigation suitability of groundwater with special emphasizing the health risk posed by nitrate contamination using nitrate pollution index (NPI) and human health risk assessment (HHRA)

Panneerselvam, Balamurugan; Karuppannan, Shankar; Muniraj, Kirubakaran

doi:10.1080/10807039.2020.1833300

Cited by 100 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The quality of groundwater is deciphered using various physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water (Diersing and Nancy 2009;Panneerselvam et al 2020a). It is a measure of health and hygiene of groundwater concerning the need and purpose of human consumption (Johnson et al 1997;Panneerselvam et al 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

et al. 2021

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Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

et al. 2021

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“…where C is the measured concentration of nitrate in a sample and HAV is the human acceptable value of nitrate which is taken as 20 mg/L (Panneerselvam et al, 2020).…”

Section: Nitrate Pollution Index (Npi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contaminant is usually recorded in groundwater due to its high dissolution. Undoubtedly this type of groundwater pollution must be considered account for the safety and maintenance of human health (Adimalla, 2019;Panneerselvam et al, 2020). The adverse effects of human exposure to pollutants can be determined through risk assessment, which involves identifying significant risks and setting up control measures to reduce exposure rates and achieve acceptable levels of risk .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality evaluation and human health risks assessment using the WQI, NPI and HQnitrate models: case of the Sfax intermediate aquifer, Sahel Tunisia

Belhouchette

Boughariou

Larayedh

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Groundwater is a vital natural resource required to satisfy the domestic and agricultural needs. In general, human health is linked to the quality of the consumed water. For instance, long-term exposure to high nitrate levels in groundwater may cause problems. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the nitrate contamination of groundwater as well as its related health risks for the inhabitants of the Sfax region, Sahel Tunisia. Irrigation groundwater suitability has been evaluated with sodium content (%Na), electrical conductivity (EC), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR) and soluble sodium percent (SSP). The results indicate that the selected groundwater is characterized by low to moderate quality for irrigation. Furthermore, the drinking water quality index (DWQI) was assessed using potential of hydrogen (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium (Mg 2? ), calcium (Ca 2? ), sodium (Na ? ), chloride (Cl -), sulfate (SO 4 2-), potassium (K ? ), bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) and nitrate (NO 3 -). The results indicate that 3.63% of samples have good quality of water, while 41.82% have poor to very poor water quality and the rest (54.55%) are unfit for drinking. The nitrate pollution index (NPI) model revealed that about 42% of the samples present significant to very significant type of pollution. Based on human health risk assessment, the children are at higher risks compared to the other affected groups. The obtained results could be used as a basic document for realistic management of groundwater quality and to provide an overview for decision-making authorities to take necessary actions.

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“…PI is also a vital parameter for the assessment of groundwater fitness for agricultural purposes. It shows the relationship between major cations and bicarbonate in hydrochemistry (Panneerselvam et al, 2020b). According to Doneen (1964), using the Permeability Index (PI), the irrigation water quality is classified into three different classes; more than 75% of the maximum permeability is Class I, suitable for irrigation, 25-75% of the maximum permeability is Class II, slightly suitable, and 25% of the maximum permeability is Class III, not suitable for irrigation.…”

Section: Permeability Index (Pi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in and around the main Gadilam river basin on the east coast of southern India

Ravi

Aravindan

Shankar

et al. 2020

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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The main intent of this study was to investigate the condition of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in and around the main Gadilam river basin, the east coast of southern India. A total of fifty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, TDS, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3-). Irrigation water quality parameters like the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), percentage sodium (%Na), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR) were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore, graphical representation diagrams such as USSL, Wilcox, and Doneen have been prepared for irrigation water quality. From the computation of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and KR values, it was found that 100% of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purposes. Besides, USSL and Doneen diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. The Wilcox diagram in the classification of electrical conductivity reveals that most samples fall into the good to permissible class (78%), in doubtful to unsuitable class (20%), and 2% of samples are unsuitable. Magnesium hazards of 82% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation, while the remaining 18% of the samples exceeded the limit and found to be unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The study concludes that higher percentages of groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation purposes in the study area, and the concentration of magnesium influenced groundwater at a few locations.

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Evaluation of drinking and irrigation suitability of groundwater with special emphasizing the health risk posed by nitrate contamination using nitrate pollution index (NPI) and human health risk assessment (HHRA)

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Groundwater quality evaluation and human health risks assessment using the WQI, NPI and HQnitrate models: case of the Sfax intermediate aquifer, Sahel Tunisia

Suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in and around the main Gadilam river basin on the east coast of southern India

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