Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Solangi, Ghulam Shabir; Siyal, Altaf Ali; Babar, Muhammad Munir; Siyal, Pirah

doi:10.5004/dwt.2019.24241

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among all the parameters, the average concentration of DO (7.3 mg/L), nitrate (3.2 mg/L), and phosphate (1.3 mg/L), as shown in Tables 4-6, were within standard limits [22,23]. These findings were similar to the available studies [11,40,41]. However, few samples exceed the standard limit for phosphate and nitrogen.…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygen (Do) Nitrate and Phosphatesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The high average TDS level was between 1000-1250 mg/L, which exceeded WHO recommended limits in South Sindh [23], and, overall, TDS exceeded the limits in 33% of the samples. Regionally, TDS was elevated in 36% of the samples from South Sindh when compared North Sindh (29%) and Central Sindh (33%), as shown in previous studies [7,40,41], which took samples from community water sources rather than schools, showed variation in TDS results by location and water source (ground and surface) which is consistent with our findings, and we can expect larger TDS with surface water [7,40,41]. A few studies in the same study population (community settings) found different results, which could be due to water treatment, the difference in study methods (small sample size, sampling technique, non-representative sample, etc.…”

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds)supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Previous studies on water quality in community settings have shown pH levels in drinking water to be within the WHO standards [7,41]. The average pH values in our study were between 7 and 8 and were within the recommended limit according to WHO (Figure 3) and Pakistani EPA drinking water quality guidelines [22,23].…”

Section: Phsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Drinking Water Quality Mapping Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Analysis in Primary Schools of Pakistan

Ahmed

Wong

Chua

et al. 2020

Water

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Primary school children in the developing world often lack potable water, which may result in a high burden of water-related diseases and poor school performance. The present study aimed to characterize the drinking water quality in primary schools of Pakistan. We used a multistage random-sampling method to select 425 primary schools from selected districts of Sindh province. Standard methods were used to characterize water quality. The results were compared with maximum acceptable values recommended by the Pakistani National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak NEQS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality standards. Groundwater (62%) and surface water (38%) were identified as two major drinking water sources in the selected schools with varying levels of water quality. Among all parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nitrate remained within WHO and Pak NEQS water quality standard limit, while total dissolved solids (TDS) (33%), electrical conductivity (EC) (46%), chloride (34%), turbidity (27%), and hardness (11%) samples exceeded standard limits. All dissolved salts had moderate to strong positive correlations with TDS and EC values. Based on a water quality index (WQI), 74% of primary schools had access to excellent or good quality drinking water compared to 26% of schools that had access to either poor, very poor or unsuitable drinking water. Among all three regions, more schools from South Sindh had either poor, very poor or unsuitable drinking water (33%) compared to the Central (25%) and North zones (15%). Hence, water from these locations is unfit for human consumption and these schools need better water quality management plans to stop the spread of water-related diseases in primary school children.

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Section: Dissolved Oxygen (Do) Nitrate and Phosphatesupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds)supporting

confidence: 79%

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Drinking Water Quality Mapping Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Analysis in Primary Schools of Pakistan

Ahmed

Wong

Chua

et al. 2020

Water

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“…5, among the 71 groundwater samples, 45 were "excellent" (grade 1), 20 were "good" (grade 2), 4 was "poor" (grade 3), and 2 were "very poor" (grade 4), accounting for 63.38%, 28.16%, 5.63%, and 3.63%, respectively. The calculation results of WQI show that the groundwater in the study area is excellent for drinking purpose, while the groundwater in some places is not suitable for drinking [39][40][41].…”

Section: Water Quality For Drinking Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) and Geospatial Tools in Lianhuashan District, China

Tian¹,

Liang²,

Sun³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Due to the impact of human agricultural production and climate and environmental changes, the applicability of groundwater for drinking purposes has attracted widespread attention. In order to quantify the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Lianhuashan and evaluate its suitability for assessing water for drinking purposes, 71 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The results show that groundwater in aquifers in the study area is weakly alkaline. The abundance is in the order HCO 3->Cl->SO 4 2for anions, and Ca 2+ >Na + >Mg 2+ for cations. Groundwater chemical types were dominated by HCO 3-Ca, HCO 3-Ca• Mg, and HCO 3-Ca • Na. The Factor analysis, and PCA analysis show that ion exchange, and rock weathering are the main reasons affecting the water chemical composition in Lianhuashan. The analysis of water samples based on the WQI model revealed that about 69.09%, 25.45%, 1.81%, and 3.63% of the water samples were excellent, good, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes, respectively. The analysis of water samples based on the SPI model showed that 18.30%, 66.19%, 7.04%, and 8.45% of the water samples were suitable, slightly polluted, moderately polluted, and highly polluted, respectively. The spatial distribution maps of the water quality index and the synthetic pollution index show that most of the groundwater resources in the study area are clean and suitable for drinking, despite the risks in the north and southwest of the study area.

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“…Most of its area stretches in two district administrative boundaries of Sindh Province, Pakistan, i.e., Thatta, and Sujawal ( Figure 1). The area hardly receives about 220 mm of rainfall annually [14][15][16][17][18], mostly falls during monsoon periods. According to the 2017 Census, about 1.76 million people are living in these two districts.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature and Its Impact on the Vegetation

Solangi

Siyal

2019

Civ Eng J

Self Cite

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Due to global warming under climate change scenarios, Indus delta region of Pakistan is under serious threat since the last few decades. The present study was thus conducted to determine the spatiotemporal variations in the LST and its impact on the vegetation of the Indus delta, using satellite data for the past 27 years (1990-2017). The analysis revealed that on average, there was an increase of 1.74 oC in LST during the last 27 years. The temporal variation in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator of vegetation, showed the highest NDVI of 0.725 in the year 2005 followed by the year 2010 with NDVI of 0.712. While the lowest NDVI of 0.545 was observed during the year 2017. The LST was integrated with NDVI which showed a fair but negative statistical correlation with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.65. A correlation analysis between NDVI and the yield of the wheat crop of the Delta showed a positive relationship with R2 = 0.89. Several factors may contribute to an increase in LST, such as an increase in residential areas, change in the cropping pattern and overall global climate change. Such studies are important for determining the climatic influences on ecological parameters.

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Evaluation of drinking water quality using the water quality index (WQI), the synthetic pollution index (SPI) and geospatial tools in Thatta district, Pakistan

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Drinking Water Quality Mapping Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Analysis in Primary Schools of Pakistan

Drinking Water Quality Mapping Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Analysis in Primary Schools of Pakistan

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) and Geospatial Tools in Lianhuashan District, China

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature and Its Impact on the Vegetation

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