Evaluation of driver stress level with survey, galvanic skin response sensor data, and force-sensing resistor data

Abstract

Thousands of lives are lost in traffic accidents every year, and most traffic accidents are caused by driver errors. Causes and impairments such as fatigue, inattentiveness, alcohol usage, stress, and drugs are the main factors of these accidents. When a driver is subject to changing and complicated driving tasks in traffic, he or she should be able to assure driving authority to prevent potential hazards and accidents. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine the stress level of the driver when driving in urban traffic in such situations requiring delegation of driving authority. Thus, the work combines stress questionnaire and galvanic skin response sensor to validate results and fuses with a force-sensing resistor. In this study, a prototype electric vehicle is equipped with sensors providing various drivers’ data including the responses of a force-sensing resistor sensor while galvanic skin is being collected on a specified route. At the end of the trip, the stress level of the drivers is determined by the collected data. Results indicate that the galvanic skin sensor stress results are consistent with the results of the survey with an average accuracy of 87.5%. The force-sensing resistor sensor is only used to determine gender stress. And the force-sensing resistor sensor gender-stress results are consistent with results of the survey with an accuracy of 100%. These results are used to validate the results of post-driving stress survey evaluated by SPSS 23.0 windows statistics software. Data analysis is particularly focused on demographic properties of participators, factor analysis, reliability tests, correlation, T-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

Factors underpinning unsafe driving: A systematic literature review of car drivers

“…The authors suggest that drivers are to some extent aware of the factors which endanger their well-beingthe subsequent stress response being a reaction to a threat posed by others' behaviour. In contrast to Dogan et al (2019), there were no differences in stressors found between sex or age groups. Seemingly one will be stressed by socially interactive events in the driving environment regardless whether they be male, female, younger or older.…”

“…Potentially, the reaction of the driver in relation to perceived discourtesy works in the same way whether the reaction elicited is stress or anger. Experience and frequency of driving also play a part in the stress response of drivers, inexperienced drivers/those who drive infrequently displaying higher subjective stress responses, as well as higher physiological stress responses (as measured by galvanic skin response; Dogan et al, 2019). Moving from purely driving stress to extraneous stress and driving outcomes, Rowden et al (2011) demonstrated that life stress and work stress are also of import in a driving contextpoorer mental health and greater levels of daily hassles were implicated in driving errors, lapses and violations.…”

“…Four studies were sourced which examined the direct impact of driving on the stress levels of drivers (Dogan, Bogosyan, & Acarman, 2019;Dorantes-Argandar, Gil & Berlanga, 2016;Rowden, Matthews, Watson & Biggs, 2011;Scott-Parker, Jones, Rune & Tucker, 2018). Dogan et al (2019) used a combination of physiological and questionnaire data to measure the stress responses of participants. Results from the galvanic skin response measure correlated strongly with the questionnaire data (total accuracy 87.5%), capturing driving stressors across six groups, participants required to select answers from choices such as 'I will drive normally'(non-stressed response) to 'It is too stressful.…”

Evaluation of Takeover Time Performance of Drivers in Partially Autonomous Vehicles Using a Wearable Sensor

“…In our previous study, it was found that there is a relationship between the driver's stress level and the galvanic skin response of the driver [28]. In this study, different takeover times are applied to the same driver in the same traffic scenarios.…”

Evaluasi Resistansi Sensitivitas Modul Galvanic Skin Response Berbasis Arduino Nano

“…Berbeda hal nya dengan Amidei dan rekan yang telah melakukan pendekatan pada parameter konduktivitas kulit terhadap kondisi kantuk seorang pengemudi kendaraan [13], di mana jika kondisi konduktivitas kulit menunjukkan kondisi kantuk maka sistem akan memberikan peringatan kepada pengemudi agar terhindar dari kecelakaan. Begitu juga yang dilakukan oleh Dogan dan rekan yang melakukan hal yang sama Amidei dan rekan yaitu melakukan tingkat stress para pengemudi menggunakan parameter GSR [14]. Bahkan GSR juga telah digunakan untuk mendeteksi tingkat stress pelajar selama kondisi bencana COVID- 19 [15] dan kondisi lapar seorang pasien tertentu yang sulit mengungkapkan kondisi tersebut secara lisan [16].…”