Evaluation of durability against wetting and drying cycles of cement-natural rubber latex stabilised unpaved road under cyclic tensile loading

Udomchai, Artit; Buritatum, Apinun; Suddeepong, Apichat; Hoy, Menglim; Horpibulsuk, Suksun; Arulrajah, Arul; Horpibulsuk, Jitwadee

doi:10.1080/10298436.2021.1950719

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Each raw material affects treated soils' unconfined compressive strength, durability, and microstructure. Some raw materials (in concordance with references) can be mixed with other binders, such as cement, limes, or fly ashes [1,[26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: The Process Involves Obtaining Lignosulphonate Natural Rubbe...mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Moreover, future studies should include evaluations of the long-term durability of soils stabilized with these agents under various environmental and loading conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated the increasing durability of geomaterials, for example, in moisture-drying and freeze-thaw cycles in cold regions [31,76]. This would include tests in different climates and exposures to moisture-drying and freeze-thaw cycles.…”

Section: Future Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Bibliometric Analysis to Experimental Validation: Bibliometric and Literature Review of Four Cementing Agents in Soil Stabilization with Experimental Focus on Xanthan Gum

Baldovino,

Palma Calabokis,

Saba

2024

Sustainability

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This article focuses on the search for efficient solutions to enhance the mechanical strength of geomaterials, especially soils, with crucial applications in civil engineering. Four promising materials are explored as soil improvement agents: natural latex (rubber trees), lignosulfonate (paper industry byproduct), xanthan gum (bacterial fermentation), and eggshell lime. While other sustainable options exist, these four were chosen for their distinct characteristics and potential for further study. Natural latex, derived from rubber trees, demonstrates exceptional potential for strengthening the mechanical resistance of soils, offering a path to effective stabilization without compromising environmental sustainability. Lignosulfonate, a paper industry byproduct, emerges as an alternative that can significantly enhance the load-bearing capacity of soils, boosting its applicability in civil engineering projects. Xanthan gum, produced through bacterial fermentation, possesses unique properties that increase soil cohesion and strength, making it a valuable option for geotechnical applications. Finally, despite potential challenges, eggshell lime shows promising potential in enhancing the mechanical resistance of soils. This study highlights the importance of evaluating and comparing these agents in terms of their effectiveness in improving the mechanical strength of soils in civil engineering applications. In the literature review, the impact of stabilizer addition (%) was examined for the four cementing agents studied, along with its influence on key soil properties like optimum moisture content (OMC, %), maximum dry density (MDD, gm/cc), California bearing ratio (CBR, %), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) at 28 days (MPa), and the change in UCS (ΔUCS, %) among other physicochemical parameters. Appropriate selection of these materials can lead to developing more robust and sustainable geomaterials, promoting significant advancements in geotechnical engineering and civil construction practices. To evaluate their effectiveness, the efficiency of one of them was assessed experimentally. Xanthan gum (XG) was selected to biopolymerize clay soil. Specimens were prepared for strength and stiffness tests, including unconfined compression, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultrasonic wave analysis. The impact of stabilizer concentration was examined (e.g., 1%, 3%, 5% xanthan gum) to assess how dosage affects the soil–stabilizer mixture. The results showed that the rubber increases the unconfined compression and stiffness of the soil, controlled by the XG’s porosity/volumetric quantity ratio. The research demonstrates the potential of XG, but a broader analysis of all four materials with the outlined testing methods paves the way for future advancements in geotechnical engineering.

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Section: The Process Involves Obtaining Lignosulphonate Natural Rubbe...mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Future Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Bibliometric Analysis to Experimental Validation: Bibliometric and Literature Review of Four Cementing Agents in Soil Stabilization with Experimental Focus on Xanthan Gum

Baldovino,

Palma Calabokis,

Saba

2024

Sustainability

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“…Recently, durability evaluation has become one of the most important parameters for evaluating the use of geomaterials in pavements. Udomchai et al [52] evaluated the durability against wetting/drying cycles of natural rubber latex stabilized unpaved under cycling tensile loading. Mustafa et al [53] measured the durability and strength of stabilized soil for usage as earth construction material.…”

Section: The Durability Of Soil-cement Compacted Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the Porosity-to-Cement Index for Estimating the Mechanical Strength, Durability, and Microstructure of Artificially Cemented Soil

2023

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Fine, expansive, and problematic soils cannot be used in fills or paving layers. Through additions to these soils, they can be converted into technically usable materials in civil construction. One methodology to make them viable for construction is through a stabilization process. Nevertheless, current methodologies regarding dosage based on compaction effort and the volumetric amount of binder used are unclear. Thus, this research describes cement-stabilized sedimentary silt's strength and durability properties from Curitiba (Brazil) for future application in paving. Splitting tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, and loss of mass against wetting and drying cycles (W-D) were investigated in the laboratory utilizing greenish-gray silt (originating from one of the Guabirotuba Formation layers, Paraná) and high-early strength Portland cement- ARI (CPV). Utilized were cement concentrations (C) of 3, 5, 7, and 9%, molding dry unit weights (d) of 14, 15, and 16 kN/m3, curing periods (t) of 7, 14, and 28 days, and constant moisture content (w) of 23%. With an increase in cement concentration and curing time, the compacted mixes demonstrate an increase in strength, an improvement in microstructure, and a decrease in accumulated mass loss (ALM) and initial porosity (η). Using the porosity/volumetric cement content ratio (η/Civ), the lowest amount of cement required to stabilize the soil in terms of strength and durability was determined. The porosity/cement index provided an appropriate parameter for modeling the mechanical and durability properties, and a unique equation between the strength/accumulated loss of mass and the porosity/binder index was obtained for the curing times studied. Lastly, C = 5% by weight is the minimum acceptable amount for prospective subbase soil application. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-05-02 Full Text: PDF

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“…Hoy et al [10,11] researched the application of natural rubber latex on concrete aggregate and believed that NRL had a positive effect on the cyclic performance. Also, NRL could prolong the service life of cement materials [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Performance of Cement-Stabilized Base External Curing Agent in a Desert Environment

Wei,

He,

et al. 2024

Buildings

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To explore and deal with the difficulty in curing cement-stabilized bases in desert environments, curing agents were prepared to enhance the curing effect on the base in this research. The composite curing agent was prepared through orthogonal experiments and the durability of the curing agent coating were studied by simulating a desert environment. Subsequently, the curing effect on the performance of bases was analyzed. Finally, the hydration degree of cement was studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the curing mechanism of the curing agent was explored. The results show that the composite (paraffin emulsion is the main component of the film, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer dosage is 20%, ethanol ester-12 dosage is 10%, and sodium silicate dosage is 18%) could effectively improve the water-retention performance (water-loss ratio: 2.36%) and mechanical properties of the specimen (7 d compressive strength: 7.48 MPa; 7 d indirect tensile strength: 0.70 MPa). The dry shrinkage coefficient of the specimen with composite curing agent was reduced by 116.26% at 28 days. The compressive strength of dry and wet freeze could reach 7.48 MPa and 6.88 MPa, respectively. The durability of the curing agent-coated base met the requirements of pavement performance in desert areas. The results of XRD, TG, and SEM indicated that the curing agent promoted hydration. In addition, the number of C-S-H gel and AFt crystals significantly increased. The curing difficulty of road bases in desert areas could be reduced effectively through the application presented in this study, which contributes to the conservation of natural and human resources.

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Evaluation of durability against wetting and drying cycles of cement-natural rubber latex stabilised unpaved road under cyclic tensile loading

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

From Bibliometric Analysis to Experimental Validation: Bibliometric and Literature Review of Four Cementing Agents in Soil Stabilization with Experimental Focus on Xanthan Gum

From Bibliometric Analysis to Experimental Validation: Bibliometric and Literature Review of Four Cementing Agents in Soil Stabilization with Experimental Focus on Xanthan Gum

Applying the Porosity-to-Cement Index for Estimating the Mechanical Strength, Durability, and Microstructure of Artificially Cemented Soil

Preparation and Performance of Cement-Stabilized Base External Curing Agent in a Desert Environment

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