Evaluation of Early-Harvested and Reconstituted Grain Sorghum in Finishing Steers

Stock, Rick; Brink, Dennis R.; Kreikemeier, K K; Smith, Kelli K.

doi:10.2527/jas1987.652548x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with other research evaluating roughage levels with other grain types, DMI (Gill et al, 1981;Stock et al, 1987Stock et al, , 1988. In our experiment, the improved cattle performance when diets contained either 5 of 10% roughage is consistent with data from G i l l et al (1981), who reported that roughage additions to steam-flaked or high-moisture corn diets increased daily gain and feed efficiency.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Kreikemeier

Harmon

Brandt

et al. 1990

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary roughage concentration and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism. In Exp. 1, 126 steers (334 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed (120 d) diets of steam-rolled wheat without roughage or containing 5, 10 or 15% roughage (50% alfalfa hay:50% corn silage). Steers fed 5 or 10% roughage gained faster (quadratic, P < .OS) and were more efficient (quadratic, P < .05) than steers fed 15% or no roughage. In Exp. 2, six xuminally cannulated steers (447 kg) were used in a 6 x 6 latin square design and fed (twice daily) diets of steam-rolled wheat without roughage or containing 5 or 15% alfalfa hay at twice or three times NE required for maintenance. Increasing dietary roughage increased (hear, P < .Ol) ruminal liquid passage 38%, indigestible ADF passage 63%, Yb-labeled wheat passage 75% and fiber f i i 31%. The rate of in situ starch digestion tended to increase (linear, P = .16), and ruminal VFA concentration was 40 mM higher (P < .01) at 4 h after feeding with increased roughage. Increased feed intake increased (P < .OS) ruminal starch fill, fiber fill, liquid fi and liquid passage 23% Yb-labeled wheat passage 50% and Dy-labeled hay passage 20%. It reduced protozoa five-to sixfold (P e .01) but doubled total bacterial counts (P < .01). Ruminal NH3N was lower (P < .01) and total VFA concentration was 50 mM higher (P < .01) at 4 h after feeding. The acetate: propionate ratio was reduced from 2.3 to 1.3 (P < .01) with increased intake. Adding roughage to a steam-rolled wheat diet increased passage and tended to increase rate of starch digestion; increased feed intake with its associated effects on ruminal fill and passage dramatically shifted the microbial population and fermentation end products. (Key Words: Wheat, Roughage, Feed Intake, Transit Time, Rumen Microorganisms, Rumen Fermentation.) J. Anim. Sci. 1990. 68:213&2141 lntroductlon 1984) and daily gain (Hale, 1984; Martin et al., 1986) compared With dry rolling. This may be due to fewer problems with acidosis (Hale, 1984). because dry fines, resulting in a greater surface area for Feeding wheat to finishing cattle is and coincides with availability of competikontrib. no. 89-476-J, ~ansas ~g r i c . EX^. Sat., rainhattan. 'zbe authors thank Neil Wallace for his technical assistance. 2Resent address: Southwest ~ansas Rwmh-Extmb p t . of Anim. Sci. and Ind. To whom reprint requests

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Kreikemeier

Harmon

Brandt

et al. 1990

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Gain-to-feed ratio increased (p ≤ 0.05) as dietary concentrate level increased (Table 2), which agrees with the data found in the literature (Stock et al, 1987;Stock et al, 1990, Resende et al, 2001). Because ADF is not digested well in the rumen of cattle fed high concentrate finishing diets, the addition of roughage should reduce feed efficiency when acidosis is not a problem (Stock et al, 1990).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin for finishing Nellore steers fed high concentrate diets

Nuñez¹,

Caetano²,

Berndt

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Zebu cattle fed high concentrate diets may present inconsistent performance due to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, like acidosis. The isolated use of ionophores and virginiamycin in high grain diets can improve animal performance and reduce the incidence of such disorders, but recent studies suggested that their combination may have an additive effect.Thus, 72 Nellore steers, 389 ± 15 kg initial body weight (BW), were confined and fed for 79 days to evaluate the combination of virginiamycin and salinomycin on performance and carcass traits. Animals were allocated to a randomized complete block design by BW, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two concentrate levels (73 and 91 %) and two virginiamycin levels (0 and 15 mg kg -1 ), and salinomycin (13 mg kg

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“…Benton et al (2005b) rehydrated and ensiled dry-rolled corn to 28 and 35% moisture and reported that ruminal in situ DM disappearance increased 17.3 and 39.8 percentage units, respectively, after 28 d of ensiling. Furthermore, rehydration and ensiling of corn or sorghum increased ADG and feed efficiency in beef steers (Stock et al, 1987;Benton et al, 2005a). Surface area was greater (P = 0.03; 41.7 vs. 37.7 cm 2 /g, respectively) and MPS tended to be reduced (P = 0.07; 530 vs. 613 µm, respectively) for REH compared with DGC.…”

Section: Experiments 1 2 Andmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Benton et al (2005b) reported similar in situ DM disappearance for HMC and rehydrated and ensiled DGC after 28-d fermentations. In addition, beef steers were more efficient (measured as feed:gain ratio) when rehydrated and ensiled corn or sorghum were used in comparison with their dry-rolled counterparts (Stock et al, 1987;Benton et al, 2005a). Perhaps rehydration and ensiling of DGC may be an alternative in areas where HMC harvest and fermentation may be compromised by weather conditions (e.g., excessive rainfall, freezing temperatures), limited by machinery availability, or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ensiling, exogenous protease addition, and bacterial inoculation on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in rehydrated and high-moisture corn

Ferraretto

Fredin

Shaver

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Exogenous protease addition may be an option to increase proteolysis of zein proteins and thus starch digestibility in rehydrated and high-moisture corn (HMC) ensiled for short periods. In addition, microbial inoculation may accelerate fermentation and increase acid production and thus increase solubilization of zein proteins. Four experiments were performed to evaluate the effect on fermentation profile, N fractions, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivSD) of the following: (1) rehydration and ensiling of dry ground corn; (2) exogenous protease addition to rehydrated un-ensiled and ensiled corn; (3) exogenous protease addition or inoculation in rehydrated ensiled corn; and (4) exogenous protease addition or inoculation in HMC. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were performed with 7 treatments: dry ground corn (DGC); DGC rehydrated to a targeted dry matter content of 70% (REH); REH treated with exogenous protease (REH+); REH ensiled for 30 d (ENS); ENS treated with exogenous protease (ENS+); ENS treated with a microbial inoculant containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium, and Pediococcus sp. (ENSI); and ENS treated with exogenous protease and microbial inoculant (ENSI+). Experiment 1 compared DGC, REH, and ENS with ivSD being greater for ENS (64.9%) than DGC and REH (51.7% on average). Experiment 2 compared REH and ENS without or with exogenous protease addition (REH+ and ENS+, respectively). Ensiling and exogenous protease addition increased ivSD, but exogenous protease addition was more effective in ENS than REH (6.4 vs. 2.6 percentage unit increase). Experiment 3 compared the effects of exogenous protease addition and inoculation in ENS corn (ENS, ENS+, ENSI, and ENSI+). The addition of protease, but not inoculant, increased ivSD. Inoculation reduced pH and acetate, propionate, and ethanol concentrations, and increased lactate and total acid concentrations. In experiment 4, 8 treatments were a combination of HMC noninoculated or inoculated with 1 of 3 microbial inoculants and with or without exogenous protease addition. The inoculant treatments contained (1) Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and Pediococcus pentosaceus, (2) L. buchneri 40788, and (3) a mixture of P. pentosaceus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Protease, but not inoculation, increased ivSD by 7.5 percentage units (44.4 vs. 51.9%). Protease addition increased ivSD in rehydrated corn and HMC. Microbial inoculation improved fermentation profiles but did not affect ivSD.

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Evaluation of Early-Harvested and Reconstituted Grain Sorghum in Finishing Steers

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism.

Combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin for finishing Nellore steers fed high concentrate diets

Influence of ensiling, exogenous protease addition, and bacterial inoculation on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in rehydrated and high-moisture corn

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