Evaluation of Eco-Management of Tropical Peatlands

Tsuji, Naoto; Kato, Tsuyoshi; Osaki, Mitsuru; Sulaiman, Albertus; Ajie, Guruh Satria; Kimura, Keiji; Hamada, Yohei; Shigenaga, Yukihisa; Hirose, Keikichi; Silsigia, Sisva

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4654-3_5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This finding has important implications for mapping the distribution of tropical peatlands as maps based on remote sensing data have typically assumed a direct link between ecosystem types based on their structure and floristic composition and the presence of peat (Dargie et al, 2017; Draper et al, 2014). Our work supports approaches that use remote sensing products, such as ALOS PALSAR and particularly PALSAR's L‐band synthetic aperture radar that penetrates the forest and can detect the presence of surface water (Tsuji et al, 2021; Hess et al, 2003, Hastie et al, 2022). Approaches that use multi‐temporal PALSAR images are particularly promising for indicating permanent waterlogged conditions suitable for peat accumulation (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The presence of peat and variation in tree species composition are under different hydrological controls in Amazonian wetland forests

Llampazo

Coronado

Águila-Pasquel

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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The peat-forming wetland forests of Amazonia are characterized by high belowcarbon stocks and supply fruit, fibres and timber to local communities. Predicting the future of these ecosystem services requires understanding how hydrological conditions are related to tree species composition and the presence, or absence, of peat.Here, we use continuous measurements of water table depth over 2.5 years and manual measurements of pore-water pH and electrical conductivity to understand the ecohydrological controls of these variables across the large peatland complex in northern Peruvian Amazonia. Measurements were taken in permanent forest plots in four palm swamps, four seasonally flooded forests and four peatland pole forests. All trees ≥10 cm diameter were also measured and identified in the plots to assess floristic composition. Peat occurs in eight of these twelve sites; three seasonally flooded forests and one palm swamp are not associated with peat. Variation in tree species composition among forest types was linked to high flood levels (maximum flooding height) and pH: seasonally flooded forests experience high flood levels (up to 3.66 m from the ground surface) and have high pH values (6-7), palm swamps have intermediate flood levels (up to 1.34 m) and peatland pole forests experience shallow flooding (up to 0.28 m) and have low pH (4). In contrast, the presence of peat was linked to variation in maximum water table depth (i.e. the depth to which the water table drops below the ground surface). Surface peat is found in all forest types where maximum water table depth does not fall >0.55 m below the ground surface at any time.Peat formation and variation in tree species composition therefore have different ecohydrological controls. Predicted increases in the frequency and strength of flooding events may alter patterns of tree species composition, whereas increases in drought severity and declines in minimum river levels may pose a greater risk to the belowground carbon stores of these peatland ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The presence of peat and variation in tree species composition are under different hydrological controls in Amazonian wetland forests

Llampazo

Coronado

Águila-Pasquel

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…for a comparable modelling area) compared with coarse‐scale studies. In addition, empirical peat physical properties data, meteorological data and ditch/peatland water‐level data are still limited in tropical peatland settings and would add value to fine‐scale modelling studies (Deshmukh et al, 2021; Hoyt et al, 2019; Nguyen‐Thi et al, 2021; Tsuji et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the performance of bunds and ditch dams in the hydrological restoration of tropical peatlands

Putra

Baird

Holden

2022

Hydrological Processes

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Many tropical peatlands are subjected to artificial drainage that leads to degradation.Hence, hydrological restoration has recently been prioritized. Nevertheless, as field monitoring data are limited, little is known about how restoration measures, such as ditch dams and bunds, can regulate tropical peatland water tables. We used a hydrodynamic model -DigiBog_Hydroto simulate the effectiveness of ditch dams and bunds across three El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) scenarios, which are El Niño, La Niña and Neutral, in three typical sites. The sites were moderately degraded (Mod-Dgr) and severely degraded (Sev-Dgr) peatland plots (each 0.2 km 2 ), representing typical peatland conditions in Sebangau National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our fine-scale (1 m Â 1 m spatial resolution) modelling revealed that in the dry season of any ENSO scenario, the significant effects of ditch-dams alone on peatland water-level were limited to lateral distances of 26 m (in Mod-Dgr) and 12 m (in Sev-Dgr) from the ditch. In the dry season of an El Niño year, the combination of ditch dams and bunds helped maintain water levels up to 72 cm (in Mod-Dgr) and 69 cm (in Sev-Dgr) higher than in the no-restoration condition. During the extremedry period of an El Niño year, the bunds reduced the number of days when the water table was deeper than 40 cm in Mod-Dgr and in Sev-Dgr by 50% and 73%, respectively. We suggest that bunds used in combination with ditch dams are a practical restoration measure for tropical peatlands, providing critical extra water storage and helping maintain water tables near the peatland surface in dry periods. We also demonstrate how fine-scale hydrodynamic modelling is beneficial for planning and assessment of restoration measures in tropical peatlands.

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