Evaluation of effect of the organic fertilizer prepared from Azolla primaeva and inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria in some growth characteristics of the vicia faba plant grown in gypsiferous soil

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) to study the effect of inoculation with R. leguminosarum at two levels (with and without inoculation) and The compost made from the azolla plant and the interaction between them in efficiency of the root nodule formation and growth and yield of the faba bean plant grown in gypsiferous soil after being isolated and identificated by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods, the results showed that there was a significant increase in all plant characteristics of the fertilized and inoculated treatments compared to the non-inoculated treatment, as outperformed the compost treatment with azolla on the control treatment in all growth and yield traits, and significantly superior the inoculation treatment with Rhizobuim leguminosarum in all studied traits compared to the control treatment, and gave the inoculation treatment with Rhizobuim leguminosarum and compost made from the azolla the highest values compared to the control treatment, as the averages were in the number of root nodules, their wet weight and number of the bacteria surrounding the roots (15,000, 2.274 and 6.400 x 104), the plant height and the dry weight of the vegetative part (39,000, 24.995), (gm plant-1 cm plant-1 ) and concentration of the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the vegetative part (1487, 238 and 1819) ppm respectively.

The Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Organic Fertilization on some Growth and Flowering Qualities of the Chrysanthemum Plant Calendula officinalis L.

“…The results of Table (9) showed that the highest rate of effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi was at the fertilizer level (20kg/ha), reaching (2.8) led to an increase in the weight of flower inflorescences compared to the inoculated comparison treatment and at the fertilization level ( 0 Kg/ha), reaching (2.4), and the rate of effect of non-inoculated and at the fertilization level (20Kg/ha reached (2.4) compared to the comparison treatment at the fertilization level (0 Kg/ha ) reaching (2.1) , As for the impact rate of pollinated transactions, the commercial compost transaction was surpassed, reaching (3), followed by the local compost ( made of paper) transaction, reaching (2.5) compared to the comparison transaction, reaching (2.1), and the impact rate of non-pollinated transactions, reaching commercial compost ( 2.5) and local compost ( paper) reached ( 2.4 ) compared to the comparison transaction, reaching (1.9), as for the overlap between transactions and fertilizer levels, where the inoculation treatment of commercial compost with a fertilizer level (20kg/ha) amounted to ( 3.3) and the domestic compost ( paper ) treatment was recorded at a fertilizer level (0 Kh/ha) amounted to (2.3) as for non-inoculated transactions, a transaction was recorded Commercial compost at the composting level (20 Kg/h) (2.8) and the treatment of domestic compost ( paper ) at the composting level ( 0 Kg/ha) amounted to (2.2), The reason is that mycorrhiza fungi equip the plant with the necessary nutrients and elements and improve the chemical, physical and vital properties of the soil, and this is consistent with [18]. Table 9.…”

Evaluation of Inoculation with Two Strains of Rhizobium Bacteria on some Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea Plant in Gypsiferous Soil

“…Effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization (kg ha -1 ) and the interaction between them on plant height (cm.plant -1 ) of cowpea plant. 4) shows the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization (kg ha-1) and the interaction between them on the roots length at the age of the plant cm.plant -1 ) for the cowpea plant, where the inoculated treatments gave the length of the roots to the nitrogen level (40 ,80) in the first and second strains averaged (44.59, 49.53333) cm.plant -1 , while the non-inoculation treatment gave (38.85667) cm.plant -1 , and the reason for this is due to the activity of the root nodes, which are more evident in the advanced stages of the plant's life, which have An effective role in the process of nitrogen fixation, as a state of balanced nutrition is achieved that is positively reflected in encouraging the characteristics of plant growth, especially the characteristic of plant height [5], or it may be due to the ability of the isolates that were studied in the production of indole acetic acid and chelating compounds, either The addition of nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on the height of the cowpea plant, as the treatments gave an overlap between inoculated and fertilization in the first and second strains, an average of (50.45, 43.7) cm.plant -1 , while the non-inoculation treatment gave an average of (38.83) cm.plant -1 , and this is due to The great role played by nitrogen fertilizers, which lead to an increase in the readiness of nutrients in the soil and then their absorption by the roots, while the control treatment gave the lowest average of (11.24) cm.plant -1 . Table 4.…”

“…Table (1) indicates the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae bacteria and the level of nitrogen fertilization in kg ha -1 and the interaction between them on the dry weight of vegetative growth at the flowering stage of the plant's life (g.plant -1 ) of the cowpea plant, where the inoculated treatment gave an average of (140.08) g.plant -1 compared to the uninoculated treatment, which gave 137.10333 (137.10333) g.plant -1 , and the reason for this inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria may be due to the increase in the dry weight of vegetative growth, and that Rhizobium bacteria have an important role in increasing the amount of nitrogen fixed and converting it into amino acids and compounds that the plant can benefit from in Tissue formation, and then improving plant growth and increasing the vegetative total [6], it indicated an increase in the dry weight of the vegetative growth of cowpea plant when inoculated with Rhizobium bacteria, while adding nitrogen to the treatments fertilized with nitrogen 40 and 80 inoculated with the second strain gave averages of (56.19 g.plant -1 , 56.23 g) compared to the uninoculated treatment (24.98667) g.plant -1 These results led to a biinteraction between inoculated and nitrogen fertilization, with significant differences between the treatments inoculated with the first and second strains at an average of ( (2) shows the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization kg ha -1 and the interaction between them on the weight of the dry root part at the flowering stage of the plant age (g.plant -1 ) of cowpea plant, where the treatment inoculated with the first and second strains gave an average of (6.333333, 6.266667) g.plant -1 compared to the uninoculated control treatment, which gave (5.283334) g.plant -1 dry root weight. The reason for this may be due to the increase in the dry weights of the root parts where a result of PGPR co-inoculated, to the direct and indirect effect in encouraging plant growth, such as the production of plant hormones [5], and many researches and studies have concluded that chelating compounds play a major role in increasing the available of iron and absorbed by the plant.As these compounds convert iron oxides present in the root periphery into a soluble form that is easily absorbed by the roots and delivered to the root nodes to contribute to the activity of the nitrogenase enzyme [7]. Table 2.…”

“…Table (5) indicates the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization (kg ha -1 ) and the interaction between them on the number of pods at the flowering stage of plant age (pod.plant -1 ) of cowpea plants, where the fertilized treatment was superior to the uninoculated one in the number of The pods of the cowpea plant gave the inoculated treatment of the nitrogen level (40 and (80) an average of (57) pod.plant -1 , compared to the control treatment, which gave an average of (26.999997) pod.plant -1 . The reason for this is due to the efficiency of inoculated, which increases the nitrogen fixation process and improves readiness Macro and micronutrients and the production of chelating compounds and plant hormones regulating the growth and production of leguminous crops and maintaining soil fertility as well as protecting the plant from environmental stress conditions [8], and these results are consistent with [1].…”

“…Which requires adding high doses of chemical IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/8/082057 2 fertilizers continuously to the soil to raise its productive capacity as well as increasing its material costs, which is accompanied by a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, recent research has tended to use alternative means that lead to an increase in soil readiness, and one of the effective ways to address some of the problems of these soils and increase their readiness is the use of bio-fertilizers, which are food sources for plants that are cheap and environmentally safe.As compared to chemical fertilizers, in addition to that it increases the efficiency of using chemical fertilizers in nutrient-poor soils [4] and isolated 17 genera of them in gypsiferous soils [5]. Exploiting the bacteria present in the soil affected by the roots referred to as PGPR in combination with Rhizobium is an alternative and effective approach, which has become very interesting in recent years in order to achieve the formation of successful and effective nodes.…”