Evaluation of Effects of Topical Melatonin Application on Osseointegration of Dental Implant: An Experimental Study

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of local melatonin application during surgery on bone implant connection (BIC) in rabbit tibiae. Six 0.8- to 1-year-old male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: (1) a control group (CG) in which rabbits were not treated with additive materials and only implant integration was executed; (2) a melatonin dose 1 (MLT D-1) group in which rabbits were treated with 1.2 mg of melatonin locally before implant placement into the rabbits' tibiae; and (3) a melatonin dose 2 (MLT D-2) group in which rabbits were treated with 3 mg melatonin locally before implant placement into the rabbits' tibiae. Four weeks after the procedure, the rabbits were euthanized; their tibiae were dissected from muscles and soft tissues, fixed with formaldehyde, and later embedded in methacrylate. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were then performed under light microscopy. Following this, BIC was detected histomorphometrically, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed that the highest BIC percentage was detected in MLT D-2, with a mean value of 39.46% ± 0.78, as compared with a mean value of 33.89% ± 0.92 in group MLT D-1 and 27.42% ± 0.89 in CG. Similarly, the mean BIC percentage of the MLT D-2 group was the highest among the three, with the mean BIC percentage of the MLT D-1 still registering as higher than CG. Within the limitations of this rabbit study, it appears that local melatonin application during implant surgery may improve BIC.

Inhibition of cathepsin K promotes osseointegration of titanium implants in ovariectomised rats

“…The peri-implant region-of-interest of 200 μm was established manually. The percentages of BIC were calculated using the BIOQUANT OSTEO Bone Biology Research System (BIOQUANT Image Analysis Corporation, TN, USA) as the ratio of the length of the direct-contact new bone to the outer perimeter of the intrabony implant47 (Fig. S1).…”

Systemic melatonin application increases bone formation in mandibular distraction osteogenesis

“…This process is actualized when osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together physiologically. 1,2,3,4,5 In practice, the bone tissue remodelling mechanism is organized by the activity of systemic hormones (melatonin, oestradiol, parathyroid, and growth hormones), as well as by bone marrow and osteoid matrix-derived growth factors. Of particular interest among these systemic hormones is melatonin, because of its osteoblastic activity.…”

“…Of particular interest among these systemic hormones is melatonin, because of its osteoblastic activity. 5,6,7 Melatonin is a tryptophanderived indolamine hormone that is released by the pineal gland, but it is also found in many tissues such as the retina and intestinal mucosa. Research has shown that melatonin has well-known antioxidant capabilities and free radical scavenging potency.…”

“…Research has shown that melatonin has well-known antioxidant capabilities and free radical scavenging potency. 5,6 It can also inhibit bone tissue resorption as it suppresses osteoclastogenesis. 5,6,7 In addition to this, in an in vitro study, authors reported that melatonin can increase osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.…”

“…5,6 It can also inhibit bone tissue resorption as it suppresses osteoclastogenesis. 5,6,7 In addition to this, in an in vitro study, authors reported that melatonin can increase osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. 5,6,7 Thus, we proposed in the current work that the systemic application of melatonin during DO procedures would be an effective treatment technique for increased new bone formation.…”