Evaluation of electrical properties for complex mixtures with a low-frequency periodic technique

Effective Permittivity of 3-D Periodic Composites With Regular and Irregular Inclusions

“…Frequency-domain EM analysis of 2-D random mixtures of regularly-shaped inclusions has been studied using the finite element method [10] (polygons and fractals); 3-D random mixtures of regularly-shaped inclusions using a frequency-domain finite difference method [11] (spheres), [12] (spheres, crosses, cylinders, and polyhedrons), and [13] (spheres and cylinders); and 3-D random mixtures using a frequency-domain finite element method [14] (polyhedrons), and [15], [16] (spheres). Such steady-state analyses are limited as they, for example, do not capture temporal localization of energy.…”