Evaluation of electrochemical hydride generation for the determination of total antimony in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with in situ concentration

Ding, W.-W.; Sturgeon, Ralph E.

doi:10.1039/ja9961100225

Cited by 60 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It consists of a 2.5 cm length of polyethylene tubing (6 mm i.d.). The gas−liquid separator has been detailed elsewhere . A minor modification was made to allow the vertical insertion of the spray chamber through the side wall of the gas liquid separator, as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimization of Transition Metal Interferences with Hydride Generation Techniques

1997

Anal. Chem.

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A new hydride generator has been characterized for use with the acid-NaBH(4) hydride generation systems based on the insertion of a capillary tube into the sample introduction channel of a standard Meinhard nebulizer. The acidic sample and the tetrahydroborate solution are mixed at a merge point 1.5 cm from the end of the nebulizer orifice. Nebulization of the reaction solutions into a 0.7 mL tubular "spray chamber" follows a very short mixing time (less than 0.012 s) of the reagents. This approach permits 10 000 μg/mL Ni(2+) or Cr(3+) to be present in the sample solution without producing any interferences. Additionally, in the presence of Fe(3+) added as a "releasing agent", 5000 μg/mL Co(2+) or 160 μg/mL Cu(2+) can also be tolerated without interference. An 80 ± 2% generation efficiency is attained for the test element selenium. A detection limit of 6 μg/L (3σ(b)) is achieved with ICP-AES detection. Precision of replicate measurements at the 12 μg/L level varies from 5 to 12% relative standard deviation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimization of Transition Metal Interferences with Hydride Generation Techniques

1997

Anal. Chem.

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“…Electrochemical hydride generation (EcHG), , which uses electrons supplied from the cathode as reductant, represents a suitable alternative to conventional CVG. It has been demonstrated that hydrides of several elements, including As, Hg, Bi, Sb, Pb, Ge, Te, Sn, Se, Zn, and Cd, − could be achieved by EcHG. The most significant advantage of EcHG is that it obviates the need for chemical reducing reagents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Volatile Cadmium and Zinc Species Based on Solution Anode Glow Discharge Induced Plasma Electrochemical Processes

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2017

Anal. Chem.

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In this study, a novel high efficiency vapor generation strategy was proposed on the basis of solution anode glow discharge for the determination of Cd and Zn by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. In this approach, a glow discharge microplasma was acted as a gaseous cathode to initiate the plasma electrochemical vapor generation of Cd and Zn. Cadmium/zinc ions could be converted into molecular species efficiently at the plasma-liquid interface from a supporting electrolyte (HCl, pH = 3.2). It was found that the overall efficiency of the plasma electrochemical vapor generation (PEVG) system was much higher than the conventional electrochemical hydride generation (EcHG) and HCl-KBH system. With no requirement for other reducing reagents, this new approach enabled us to detect Cd and Zn with detection limits as low as 0.003 μg L for Cd and 0.3 μg L for Zn. Good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD), n = 5) was 2.4% for Cd (0.1 μg L) and 1.7% for Zn (10 μg L) standard. The accuracy of the proposed method was successfully validated through analysis of cadmium in reference material of stream sediment (GBW07311), soil (GBW07401), rice (GBW10045), and zinc in a simulated water sample (GSB 07-1184-2000). Replacing a metal electrode with a plasma offers the advantage of eliminating potential interactions between the species in liquid and the electrode, which solves the issues associated with electrode encountered in conventional EcHG. The ability to initiate electrochemical vapor generation reactions at the plasma-liquid interface opens a new approach for chemical vapor generation based on interactions between plasma gas-phase electrons and solutions.

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“…EcHG has been proposed as a valid alternative to CHG [5]. Through the application of a flow-injection technique [6] and new types of electrolytic cells [7,8] or cathodes with high hydrogen overvoltage [9], this method has been applied to generate AsH 3 [10], SbH 3 [11], H 2 Se [12][13][14], GeH 4 [15,16], BiH 3 [16,17], SnH 4 [17], Te [18], Hg vapor [19] and Cd [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the application of a flow-injection technique [6] and new types of electrolytic cells [7,8] or cathodes with high hydrogen overvoltage [9], this method has been applied to generate AsH 3 [10], SbH 3 [11], H 2 Se [12][13][14], GeH 4 [15,16], BiH 3 [16,17], SnH 4 [17], Te [18], Hg vapor [19] and Cd [20]. Spectrometric techniques including ICP-AES [15], ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [17], AAS [5,7], spectrophotometry [21] and AFS [18,19] have been utilized. The EcHG technology will likely be applied more widely because of its advantages [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of alkaline mode electrochemical hydride generation for the detection of As and Sb using atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Zhang

Yang

Dong

et al. 2010

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Evaluation of electrochemical hydride generation for the determination of total antimony in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with in situ concentration

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Minimization of Transition Metal Interferences with Hydride Generation Techniques

Minimization of Transition Metal Interferences with Hydride Generation Techniques

Generation of Volatile Cadmium and Zinc Species Based on Solution Anode Glow Discharge Induced Plasma Electrochemical Processes

Application of alkaline mode electrochemical hydride generation for the detection of As and Sb using atomic fluorescence spectrometry

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