Evaluation of electrocoagulation for the pre-treatment of coal seam water

Millar, Graeme J.; Lin, J. J.; Arshad, Aasma; Couperthwaite, Sara J.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.10.002

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Peiris et al (Peiris et al, 2013) found that polyaluminum chloride as a chemical coagulant could reduce hydraulically irreversible fouling caused by humic substances and protein-like matters. EC has been intensively studied recently as an unconventional pretreatment method (Den and Wang, 2008;Millar et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2014). Hakizimana et al (Hakizimana et al, 2015) concluded that EC is highly potential in mitigating organic fouling as well as biofouling due to its capacity to reduce dissolved organic matter and microorganisms from water.…”

Section: Pretreatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

Jiang

Li²

2017

Science of The Total Environment

759

362

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Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology is one of the most important technologies for water treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating pressure, flux decline, frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane life. This paper reviews membrane fouling types and fouling control strategies, with a focus on the latest developments. The fundamentals of fouling are discussed in detail, including biofouling, organic fouling, inorganic fouling and colloidal fouling. Furthermore, fouling mitigation technologies are also discussed comprehensively. Pretreatment is widely used in practice to reduce the burden for the following RO operation while real time monitoring of RO has the advantage and potential of providing support for effective and efficient cleaning. Surface modification could slow down membrane fouling by changing surface properties such as surface smoothness and hydrophilicity, while novel membrane materials and synthesis processes build a promising future for the next generation of RO membranes with big advancements in fouling resistance. Especially in this review paper, statistical analysis is conducted where appropriate to reveal the research interests in RO fouling and control.Graphic Abstract

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Section: Pretreatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

Jiang

Li²

2017

Science of The Total Environment

759

362

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“…Most current CSG produced water treatment systems utilise reverse osmosis (RO) as their core treatment process [3,5]. Water recovery of the RO process is constrained to about 80%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane distillation and membrane electrolysis of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine for clean water extraction and NaOH production

et al. 2016

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Duke, M., Gray, S., Nelemans, B. & Nghiem, L. D. (2016). Membrane distillation and membrane electrolysis of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine for clean water extraction and NaOH production. Desalination, Membrane distillation and membrane electrolysis of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine for clean water extraction and NaOH production AbstractMembrane distillation (MD) and membrane electrolysis (ME) were evaluated for simultaneous fresh water extraction and NaOH production from a mixture of NaCl and NaHCO3 to simulate the composition of coal seam gas (CSG) reverse osmosis (RO) brine. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of MD for producing fresh water and simultaneously concentrating CSG RO brine prior to the ME process. MD water flux was slightly reduced by the increased feed salinity and the decomposition of bicarbonate to CO2 during the concentration of CSG RO brine. MD operation of CSG RO brine at a concentration factor of 10 (90% water recovery) was achieved with distillate conductivity as low as 18 μS/cm, and without any observable membrane scaling. Exceeding the concentration factor of 10 could lead to deterioration in both water flux and distillate quality due to the precipitation of NaCl, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 on the membrane. With respect to ME, current density and water circulation rates exerted strong influences on the ME process performance. Combining ME with MD reduced the thermal energy requirement of ME by 3 MJ per kg of NaOH produced and the thermal energy consumption of MD by 22 MJ per m3 of clean water extracted. Abstract: Membrane distillation (MD) and membrane electrolysis (ME) were evaluated for simultaneous fresh water extraction and NaOH production from a mixture of NaCl and NaHCO3 to simulate the composition of coal seam gas (CSG) reverse osmosis (RO) brine. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of MD for producing fresh water and simultaneously concentrating CSG RO brine prior to the ME process. MD water flux was slightly reduced by the increased feed salinity and the decomposition of bicarbonate to CO2 during the concentration of CSG RO brine. MD operation of CSG RO brine at a concentration factor of 10 (90% water recovery) was achieved with distillate conductivity as low as 18 µS/cm, and without any observable membrane scaling. Exceeding the concentration factor of 10 could lead to deterioration in both water flux and distillate quality due to the precipitation of NaCl, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 on the membrane. With respect to ME, current density and water circulation rates exerted strong influences on the ME process performance. Combining ME with MD reduced the thermal energy requirement of ME by 3 MJ per kg of NaOH produced and the thermal energy consumption of MD by 22 MJ per m 3 of clean water extracted.

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“…One of the greatest challenges faced by the CSG industry is the substantial volume of water produced during the gas extraction process known as CS water. CS water is typically brackish in character which does not allow it to be used for most applications without being treated due to a high salinity and variable pH [7,16]. In addition, the CS water has a highly variable chemical composition, and as such a universal treatment method is not available [6].…”

Section: Cs Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water quality of the associated or produced coal seam (CS) water is highly variable but as a general observation is in the brackish water range (500 to 10,000 [6,16,85]. In many cases CS water requires treatment prior to beneficial reuse due being incompatible with regulations for irrigation, stock watering and drinking water as examples [86].…”

Section: Desalination Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Either strong acid cation or weak acid cation resins exchanged with sodium ions are employed to remove species such as calcium, barium, magnesium, and strontium to acceptably low levels [30,73,75]. Lime softening can also be employed to soften water prior to an RO stage, however, concerns have been raised Electrocoagulation has been demonstrated to exhibit effectiveness for removal of dissolved alkaline earth ions from CS water [16]. Nevertheless, this technology has not been scaled up to commercial levels as yet for this particular application and there are concerns relating to the excessive consumption of electrode materials in the process due to non-Faradaic processes such as corrosion by dissolved salts [16].…”

Section: Pre-treatment Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

Rebello¹

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The coal seam gas (CSG) industry in Australia is of significant importance economically, especially in Queensland where a substantial increase in the amount of gas extracted over the past six years has occurred. CSG formation, relation to local geological features, extraction approach and the potential impact/benefits of coal seam (CS) water has been considered by reviewing the location of CSG wells in relation to each other, the depth of the well in relation to the coal seam with which the CSG is associated, and the quality of the CS water compared with the requirements for each beneficial use application. An outline of the limited current legislative requirements on physical and chemical properties of CS water as regulated by the Queensland Government is provided, as well as the current treatment technologies used by the major CSG companies to ensure compliance with these requirements. Water quality from 150 CSG production wells from the Surat Basin, Queensland has been analysed and compared within and between multiple gas fields in a small geographic area prior to any storage, disposal and treatment. Chemical analysis revealed the CS water to have high bicarbonate, high sodium, and low calcium, low magnesium and very low sulfate concentrations. The chemical analysis also confirmed that the pre-treatment concentration levels of specific parameters such as sodium, chloride, total dissolved solids, and sodium adsorption ratio were above that required for use by agricultural and industrial sectors, therefore requiring treatment prior to use. This study has shown that the amount of each type of mineral that comprises coal, such as clay, sulfide ores, oxide ores, quartz and phosphates, may explain the water quality patterns by assessing the mineral content of the associated CS water in relation to the chemical composition of Surat Basin coal

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Evaluation of electrocoagulation for the pre-treatment of coal seam water

Cited by 52 publications

References 79 publications

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

Membrane distillation and membrane electrolysis of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine for clean water extraction and NaOH production

Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

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